Immunologic targeting: How to channel a minimal response for maximal outcome Journal Article
| Author: | Slovin, S. F. |
| Article Title: | Immunologic targeting: How to channel a minimal response for maximal outcome |
| Abstract: | Purpose of review: Drugs that target extracellular molecules and intracellular pathways remain an area of active research in prostate cancer. Although preclinical data suggest that new drugs can modulate or slow prostate tumor proliferation, responses in man, such as disease stabilization or regression, are not as dramatic as those seen in preclinical models. Other approaches, including carbohydrate and cellular product vaccines, cytokines, and monoclonal antibodies either alone or with radiopharmaceuticals, are being used to seek and destroy cancer cells. Although robust in-vitro antibody responses can be generated against a specific immunogen in many vaccines, immunologists would agree that immune responses are suboptimal, as defined by a lack of impact on tumor growth, and insufficient to impact on disease progression. Recent findings: Although a preferred result, approaches that maximize the cellular arm of immune responses are limited by technology to detect these responses and by agents that can enhance their activity. DNA vaccines that target prostate-specific antigen and prostate-specific membrane antigen, and drugs that can block inhibitory molecules on T cells, such as cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4, are currently under study. Summary: This article will review state-of-the-art mechanisms by which immunity may be enhanced to elicit antitumor responses against selectively expressed cell surface molecules and to maximize antitumor responses. © 2006 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. |
| Keywords: | protein expression; treatment response; unclassified drug; clinical trial; disease course; review; cancer growth; nonhuman; drug targeting; antigen expression; cell proliferation; t lymphocyte; t-lymphocytes; prostate specific antigen; interleukin 2; ipilimumab; cancer immunotherapy; bone marrow suppression; granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor; in vitro study; tumor antigen; monoclonal antibodies; monoclonal antibody; prostate cancer; prostate-specific antigen; prostatic neoplasms; cancer inhibition; cancer regression; membrane antigen; cytokine; monoclonal antibody j591; prostate specific membrane antigen; antibodies, monoclonal; cellular immunity; immune response; immunotherapy; cancer vaccine; isotope labeling; cancer vaccines; immunogenicity; pancreatitis; antibody response; cancer immunization; gene therapy; radiopharmaceutical agent; tumor immunity; colitis; dna vaccine; adenovirus vector; maximum tolerated dose; drug cytotoxicity; drug half life; cytotoxic t lymphocyte antigen 4; flt3 ligand; autoimmune disease; indium 111; humoral immunity; yttrium; cancer cell destruction; plasmid vector; carbohydrate; vaccines; keyhole limpet hemocyanin; iodine; immunopharmacology; qs 21; cancer immunology; hypophysitis; cytotoxic t lymphocyte antigen-4; prostate-specific membrane antigen; lutetium 177; cytotoxic t lymphocyte antigen 4 monoclonal antibody; e75 hla a2 epitope; g vax; g vax vaccine; monoclonal antibody j415; protein vacs |
| Journal Title: | Current Opinion in Urology |
| Volume: | 16 |
| Issue: | 3 |
| ISSN: | 0963-0643 |
| Publisher: | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins |
| Date Published: | 2006-05-01 |
| Start Page: | 179 |
| End Page: | 185 |
| Language: | English |
| DOI: | 10.1097/01.mou.0000193396.00340.e5 |
| PUBMED: | 16679856 |
| PROVIDER: | scopus |
| DOI/URL: | |
| Notes: | --- - "Cited By (since 1996): 4" - "Export Date: 4 June 2012" - "CODEN: CUOUE" - "Source: Scopus" |
