Tribulations or triumphs in prostate cancer immunotherapy: On the road to victory? Journal Article
| Author: | Slovin, S. F. |
| Article Title: | Tribulations or triumphs in prostate cancer immunotherapy: On the road to victory? |
| Abstract: | Phase I, II and III clinical trials have shown that immunologic tolerance can be abrogated against specific tumor-associated antigens: but that the immunologic readouts are suboptimal in determining whether a trial can or should go forward in its development. While vaccines have been associated with declines in prostate-specific antigen, with occasional changes in scans by Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) criteria, nevertheless, prostate vaccines alone appear to be insufficient to generate significant antitumor effects. Therefore, vaccines given in combination with cytokines or inhibitors of checkpoint molecules may not only enhance efficacy, but also validate the role of immune cells to effect the antitumor response. However, no one approach has been able to show improved overall survival. This article reviews the current issues and potential resolutions as to how we might go forward in developing and interpreting immunologic trials. © 2008 Future Drugs Ltd. |
| Keywords: | overall survival; prednisone; clinical trial; review; placebo; drug dose comparison; drug safety; monotherapy; nonhuman; unspecified side effect; disease free survival; drug megadose; prostate specific antigen; bcg vaccine; interleukin 2; cancer immunotherapy; low drug dose; metastasis; ovary cancer; carcinoembryonic antigen; granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor; docetaxel; monoclonal antibody; cancer hormone therapy; drug fever; prostate cancer; prostatic neoplasms; survival time; cytokine; immunological tolerance; rigor; cellular immunity; immune response; immunotherapy; cancer vaccine; cancer vaccines; dosage schedule comparison; immunogenicity; montanide isa 51; antibody response; antigen recognition; psa; retrovirus vector; autoimmunity; adenovirus vector; ctla-4; provenge; tumor cell vaccine; cytotoxic t lymphocyte antigen 4; granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor vaccine; drug treatment failure; intercellular adhesion molecule 1; lymphocyte function associated antigen 3; adoptive immunotherapy; vaccine; b7 antigen; cd86 antigen; keyhole limpet hemocyanin; virus vector; qs 21; leukapheresis; checkpoint molecule; fowlpox; g-vax; psadt; psam; sipuleucel; fowlpox virus vector; poxvirus vector; sipuleucel t; vaccinia vaccine |
| Journal Title: | Expert Review of Anticancer Therapy |
| Volume: | 8 |
| Issue: | 3 |
| ISSN: | 1473-7140 |
| Publisher: | Taylor & Francis Group |
| Date Published: | 2008-03-01 |
| Start Page: | 465 |
| End Page: | 474 |
| Language: | English |
| DOI: | 10.1586/14737140.8.3.465 |
| PUBMED: | 18366293 |
| PROVIDER: | scopus |
| DOI/URL: | |
| Notes: | --- - "Cited By (since 1996): 1" - "Export Date: 17 November 2011" - "CODEN: ERATB" - "Source: Scopus" |
