Abstract: |
Ex vivo confocal microscopy (EVCM) is a novel and rapid imaging technique that has revolutionized the fields of dermatology and surgical pathology. New generations of EVCM microscopes combine two different simultaneous diode lasers (reflectance and fluorescence), to create a fusion pseudo-colored image of the scanned tissue called Fusion confocal microscopy (fuCM) with digital H&E (DHE), as it mimics conventionally stained hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) tissue sections. Thus, EVCM allows for a complete image evaluation at architectural and cellular level, akin to histopathology. However, unlike histopathology or frozen section analysis, EVCM can image fresh tissues without the need for tissue fixation or processing; thus, it’s being used as an alternative to frozen section for rapid evaluation of tissues. In this chapter, we will detail tissue handling and imaging techniques using the new generation EVCM, Vivascope 2500 (Caliber ID, Rochester, NY, USA) and the most commonly used fluorescent dye, acridine orange. The technique detailed here is based on the methods described by the experts in the literature and on our personal experience of imaging and handling tissues in dermatology research laboratory at Memorial Sloan Kettering Center. © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2022. |