| Abstract: |
Although the possibility of nonastronauts making routine trips into space is an exciting prospect, many have little appreciation for the potential physiologic hazards that exposure to the space environment poses. During launch and reentry, the body is exposed to various degrees of gravitational loading, which can place strain on the cardiovascular system and its ability to maintain cerebral perfusion. In space, the body is bombarded with galactic cosmic radiation and other high-speed particle exposures, which predisposes one to chromosomal mutation, microlesions, an increased risk for cataracts, and even cancer. The possibility of spacecraft depressurization is also of concern and has been documented. The isolation of life on a spacecraft also poses psychological challenges such as loneliness, depression, and interpersonal conflict among crewmates. Finally, weightlessness itself, although undoubtedly a unique and enjoyable experience, may be the most insidious danger of all to the human body. This article will review some of the more troublesome effects - including cephalid fluid shifts, space motion sickness, bone loss, muscle atrophy, immune function, and treatment of infection - and will also provide an outline for future areas of research emphasis. |
