Spaceflight Associated Neuro-ocular Syndrome (SANS) and its countermeasures Review

  


Authors: Nguyen, T.; Ong, J.; Brunstetter, T.; Gibson, C. R.; Macias, B. R.; Laurie, S.; Mader, T.; Hargens, A.; Buckey, J. C.; Lan, M.; Wostyn, P.; Kadipasaoglu, C.; Smith, S. M.; Zwart, S. R.; Frankfort, B. J.; Aman, S.; Scott, J. M.; Waisberg, E.; Masalkhi, M.; Lee, A. G.
Review Title: Spaceflight Associated Neuro-ocular Syndrome (SANS) and its countermeasures
Abstract: Astronauts can develop a distinct collection of neuro-ophthalmic findings during long duration spaceflight, collectively known as Spaceflight Associated Neuro-ocular Syndrome (SANS). These clinical characteristics include optic disc edema, hyperopic refractive shifts, globe flattening, and chorioretinal folds, which may pose a health risk for future space exploration. Obtaining knowledge of SANS and countermeasures for its prevention is crucial for upcoming crewed space missions and warrants a multidisciplinary approach. This review examines the potential causes and countermeasures of SANS, including space anticipation glasses, lower body negative pressure, venoconstrictive thigh cuffs, impedance threshold devices, translaminar pressure gradient modulation, centrifugation, artificial gravity, pharmaceuticals, and precision nutritional supplementation. This paper highlights future research directions for understanding the genetic, anthropometric, behavioral, and environmental susceptibilities to SANS as well as how to use terrestrial analogs for testing future mitigation strategies. © 2025 Elsevier Ltd
Keywords: genetics; review; diet supplementation; papilledema; thigh; eye disease; centrifugation; carbon; prevention; health hazard; duration; cuff; cosmonaut; space flight; one-carbon metabolism; carbon metabolism; human; gravity; mitigation; hypermetropia; goggles; lbnp; lower body negative pressure; sans; spaceflight associated neuro-ocular syndrome; venous thigh cuffs; impedance threshold device; pressure gradient; protective glasses
Journal Title: Progress in Retinal and Eye Research
Volume: 106
ISSN: 1350-9462
Publisher: Elsevier Inc.  
Date Published: 2025-05-01
Start Page: 101340
Language: English
DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2025.101340
PUBMED: 39971096
PROVIDER: scopus
DOI/URL:

https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-86000739700&doi=10.1016%2fj.preteyeres.2025.101340&partnerID=40&md5=6cb31b92e37d36b739b57909389734a6
Notes: The MSK Cancer Center Support Grant (P30 CA008748) is acknowledge in the PDF -- Source: Scopus
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  1. Jessica M Scott
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  2. Tuan Nguyen
    2 Nguyen
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