Enzymatically activatable diagnostic probes Journal Article
| Authors: | Thorek, D. L. J.; Grimm, J. |
| Article Title: | Enzymatically activatable diagnostic probes |
| Abstract: | Molecular imaging of disease development, progression and treatment is seen as key to further advancement in the understanding and triumph over illness. The role of enzymes is to catalyze the biochemical reactions that help regulate health, and when dysregulated in complex organisms lead to or indicate disease. The ability to image the action of these proteins for diagnostic purposes opens a window for the researcher and clinician to witness specifc molecular events in vitro and in vivo. Such probes have been developed and deployed for the optical, radionuclide and magnetic resonance modalities and offer significant benefits over conventional agents. The signal of enzymatically-activated probes is regulated by the specific activity of the desired enzyme. This allows for a higher signal to background ratio over non-specific and targeted agents. It also enables the modulation of contrast agent distribution (and even cellular accumulation) following enzymatic activity. This review summarizes the strategies and probes in development and use in this emergent field of molecular imaging, with a particular focus on the research and medical relevance of these advances. © 2012 Bentham Science Publishers. |
| Keywords: | protein phosphorylation; review; fluorouracil; gadolinium; nuclear magnetic resonance imaging; positron emission tomography; gastrointestinal stromal tumor; green fluorescent protein; enzyme activation; enzyme activity; enzyme substrate; molecular imaging; chronic myeloid leukemia; polymerization; fluorodeoxyglucose f 18; matrix metalloproteinase; fluorescence resonance energy transfer; nanoparticles; radioisotope; gadolinium pentetate; single photon emission computer tomography; molecular probe; bioluminescence; quantum dot; protein cleavage; cathepsin d; gelatinase a; matrilysin; signal to noise; magnetic field; near infrared spectroscopy; multimodality; molecular specificity; gold nanoparticle; indocyanine green; superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticle; tetraxetan; relaxation time |
| Journal Title: | Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology |
| Volume: | 13 |
| Issue: | 4 |
| ISSN: | 1389-2010 |
| Publisher: | Bentham Science Publishers |
| Date Published: | 2012-03-01 |
| Start Page: | 523 |
| End Page: | 536 |
| Language: | English |
| DOI: | 10.2174/138920112799436339 |
| PROVIDER: | scopus |
| PUBMED: | 22214507 |
| DOI/URL: | |
| Notes: | --- - "Cited By (since 1996): 1" - "Export Date: 2 April 2012" - "CODEN: CPBUB" - "Source: Scopus" |
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