Assessment of hypoxia in breast cancer: Emerging functional MR imaging and spectroscopy techniques and clinical applications Review
| Authors: | Daimiel Naranjo, I.; Bhowmik, A.; Basukala, D.; Lo Gullo, R.; Mazaheri, Y.; Kapetas, P.; Eskreis-Winkler, S.; Pinker, K.; Thakur, S. B. |
| Review Title: | Assessment of hypoxia in breast cancer: Emerging functional MR imaging and spectroscopy techniques and clinical applications |
| Abstract: | Breast cancer is one of the most prevalent forms of cancer affecting women worldwide. Hypoxia, a condition characterized by insufficient oxygen supply in tumor tissues, is closely associated with tumor aggressiveness, resistance to therapy, and poor clinical outcomes. Accurate assessment of tumor hypoxia can guide treatment decisions, predict therapy response, and contribute to the development of targeted therapeutic interventions. Over the years, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) techniques have emerged as promising noninvasive imaging options for evaluating hypoxia in cancer. Such techniques include blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) MRI, oxygen-enhanced MRI (OE) MRI, chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) MRI, and proton MRS (1H-MRS). These may help overcome the limitations of the routinely used dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) MRI and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) techniques, contributing to better diagnosis and understanding of the biological features of breast cancer. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the emerging functional MRI and MRS techniques for assessing hypoxia in breast cancer, along with their evolving clinical applications. The integration of these techniques in clinical practice holds promising implications for breast cancer management. Evidence Level: 5. Technical Efficacy: Stage 1. © 2024 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine. |
| Keywords: | immunohistochemistry; histopathology; review; neoadjuvant therapy; gadolinium; nuclear magnetic resonance imaging; positron emission tomography; magnetic resonance imaging; sensitivity analysis; metabolism; breast cancer; oxygen; clinical assessment; diagnostic imaging; breast neoplasms; phosphorylation; hypoxia; biological activity; breast tumor; magnetic resonance spectroscopy; nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy; imaging; contrast medium; contrast media; lactate dehydrogenase; diffusion weighted imaging; spectroscopy; signal detection; bioluminescence; oxygen saturation; tumor hypoxia; intravenous drug administration; pharmacokinetics; single photon emission computed tomography; pulse oximetry; procedures; oxygen blood level; dynamic contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging; humans; human; female; chemical exchange saturation transfer magnetic resonance imaging |
| Journal Title: | Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging |
| Volume: | 61 |
| Issue: | 1 |
| ISSN: | 1053-1807 |
| Publisher: | Wiley Blackwell |
| Date Published: | 2025-01-01 |
| Start Page: | 83 |
| End Page: | 96 |
| Language: | English |
| DOI: | 10.1002/jmri.29424 |
| PUBMED: | 38703143 |
| PROVIDER: | scopus |
| DOI/URL: | |
| Notes: | The MSK Cancer Center Support Grant (P30 CA008748) is acknowledge in the PDF -- Corresponding authors is MSK authors: Sunitha B. Thakur -- Source: Scopus |
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