Immunologic checkpoints in cancer therapy: Focus on the programmed death-1 (PD-1) receptor pathway Journal Article
| Authors: | Momtaz, P.; Postow, M. A. |
| Article Title: | Immunologic checkpoints in cancer therapy: Focus on the programmed death-1 (PD-1) receptor pathway |
| Abstract: | T-lymphocytes have the potential to recognize cancer antigens as foreign and therefore eliminate them. However, immune checkpoints such as cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen (CTLA)-4 and programmed cell death (PD)-1 receptor and its ligands (PD-L1, PD-L2) suppress the activity of T-lymphocytes. Advances in the understanding of immunology and its role in cancer have led to the development of immune checkpoint inhibitors that block CTLA-4 and PD-1 and result in durable responses in patients with a wide range of cancers. PD-1 and PD-L1 inhibitors are currently in many stages of clinical investigation, and the anti-PD-1 antibody, pembrolizumab, was recently approved by the US Food and Drug Administration. Many questions remain to be answered, such as the optimal administration schedule, biomarkers that associate with benefit, and potential for use of PD-1 agents in combination approaches. Nonetheless, immunotherapy with PD-1 blocking antibodies is now becoming an integral part in the management of cancer. © 2014 Momtaz and Postow. |
| Keywords: | cancer survival; survival rate; unclassified drug; overall survival; fatigue; neutropenia; review; hepatitis; cancer combination chemotherapy; diarrhea; drug efficacy; drug safety; nonhuman; solid tumor; treatment duration; drug approval; disease marker; pancreas cancer; rituximab; antineoplastic agent; colorectal cancer; antigen expression; dacarbazine; glycoprotein gp 100; ipilimumab; cancer immunotherapy; melanoma; multiple myeloma; ovary cancer; nausea; thrombocytopenia; antineoplastic activity; chronic myeloid leukemia; kidney carcinoma; hodgkin disease; immunoregulation; abdominal pain; arthralgia; pneumonia; pruritus; rash; lymphocyte activation; nonhodgkin lymphoma; immune response; immunotherapy; cancer vaccine; head and neck cancer; pancreatitis; cytotoxic t lymphocyte; stomach cancer; colitis; innate immunity; dermatitis; hyperthyroidism; hypothyroidism; adaptive immunity; cytotoxic t lymphocyte antigen 4; chronic lymphatic leukemia; follicular lymphoma; retreatment; endophthalmitis; recurrence free survival; programmed death 1 receptor; non small cell lung cancer; adrenal insufficiency; tumor microenvironment; phase 2 clinical trial (topic); decreased appetite; phase 3 clinical trial (topic); cytotoxic t-lymphocyte antigen 4; phase 1 clinical trial (topic); hypertransaminasemia; nephritis; sipuleucel t; nivolumab; amp 224; mpdl 3280a; pidilizumab; immune checkpoints; human; pembrolizumab; programmed cell death protein-1; durvalumab; glycoprotein gp 100 vaccine; mcx 1105; msb 0010718c |
| Journal Title: | Pharmacogenomics and Personalized Medicine |
| Volume: | 7 |
| ISSN: | 1178-7066 |
| Publisher: | Dove Medical Press Ltd |
| Date Published: | 2014-01-01 |
| Start Page: | 357 |
| End Page: | 365 |
| Language: | English |
| DOI: | 10.2147/pgpm.s53163 |
| PROVIDER: | scopus |
| PMCID: | PMC4238865 |
| PUBMED: | 25484597 |
| DOI/URL: | |
| Notes: | Export Date: 2 April 2015 -- Source: Scopus |
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