Immunity to melanoma: Unraveling the relation of tumor immunity and autoimmunity Journal Article
| Authors: | Ramirez-Montagut, T.; Turk, M. J.; Wolchok, J. D.; Guevara-Patiño, J. A.; Houghton, A. N. |
| Article Title: | Immunity to melanoma: Unraveling the relation of tumor immunity and autoimmunity |
| Abstract: | Cancer cells express self-antigens that are weakly recognized by the immune system. Even though responses against autologous cells are difficult to induce, the immune system is still able to mount a response against cancer. The discovery of the molecular identity of antigens that are recognized by the immune system of melanoma patients has led to the elucidation of tumor immunity at a cellular and molecular level. Multiple pathways in both the priming and effector phases of melanoma rejection have been described. Animal models' active immunotherapies for melanoma show a requirement for the cellular compartment of the immune system in the priming phase, primarily CD4+T cells. More diverse elements are required for the effector phase, including components from the innate immune system (macrophages, complement and/or natural killer cells) and from the adaptive immune system (CD8+T cells and B cells). Minor differences in amino-acid sequences of antigens must determine the particular mechanisms involved in tumor rejection. Since the immune system contains T and B cells that recognize and reject autologous cells, a consequence of tumor immunity is potential autoimmunity. There are distinct pathways for tumor immunity and autoimmunity. The requirements for autoimmunity at the priming phase seem to be CD4+/IFN-γ dependent while the effector mechanisms are alternative and redundant. Vitiligo (autoimmune hypopigmentation) can be mediated by T cells, FcγR + macrophages and/or complement. |
| Keywords: | unclassified drug; human cell; review; cd8 antigen; antigen expression; cd8-positive t-lymphocytes; animals; cell compartmentalization; melanoma; germ cell; tumor antigen; b lymphocyte; animalia; germ cells; cellular immunity; amino acid sequence; immunotherapy; antigens, neoplasm; gamma interferon; molecular recognition; antigen recognition; natural killer cell; tumor immunity; fc receptor; effector cell; autoimmunity; cd4 antigen; antibodies; tyrosinase related protein 1; t lymphocyte activation; antigens, differentiation; differentiation; immunity, cellular; tyrosinase related protein 2; vitiligo; macrophage activation; tumor escape; complement activation; cancer; humans; human; priority journal; tyrosinase tyrp1 gp75; tyrosinase tyrp2 dct |
| Journal Title: | Oncogene |
| Volume: | 22 |
| Issue: | 20 |
| ISSN: | 0950-9232 |
| Publisher: | Nature Publishing Group |
| Date Published: | 2003-05-19 |
| Start Page: | 3180 |
| End Page: | 3187 |
| Language: | English |
| DOI: | 10.1038/sj.onc.1206462 |
| PUBMED: | 12789294 |
| PROVIDER: | scopus |
| DOI/URL: | |
| Notes: | Export Date: 25 September 2014 -- Source: Scopus |
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