Phage lytic enzyme Cpl-1 as a novel antimicrobial for pneumococcal bacteremia Journal Article
| Authors: | Loeffler, J. M.; Djurkovic, S.; Fischetti, V. A. |
| Article Title: | Phage lytic enzyme Cpl-1 as a novel antimicrobial for pneumococcal bacteremia |
| Abstract: | Streptococcus pneumoniae is becoming increasingly antibiotic resistant worldwide, and thus new antimicrobials are badly needed. We report the use of Cpl-1, the lytic enzyme of a pneumococcal bacteriophage, as an intravenous therapy for pneumococcal bacteremia in a mouse model. A 2,000-μg dose of Cpl-1 reduced pneumococcal titers from a median of log10 4.70 CFU/ml to undetectable levels (<log10 2.00 CFU/ml) within 15 min. This dose given 1 h after intravenous infection led to 100% survival at 48 h, compared to the 20% survival of buffer-treated controls. In advanced bacteremia, treatment with two doses at 5 and 10 h still resulted in significantly longer survival (P < 0.0001) and a hazard ratio of 0.29 (95% confidence interval, 0.04 to 0.35). The enzyme is immunogenic, but the treatment efficacy was not significantly diminished after previous intravenous exposure of mice and hyperimmune rabbit serum did not neutralize the activity. Cpl-1 is also very effective as a topical nasal treatment against colonization by S. pneumoniae. In vitro, the enzyme is active against many serotypes of S. pneumoniae, independent of their penicillin resistance, and it is very specific for this species. Bacteriophage enzymes are unusual but extremely effective antimicrobials and represent a new weapon against infections with resistant bacteria. |
| Keywords: | controlled study; survival rate; unclassified drug; dose response; drug efficacy; nonhuman; mouse; animals; mice; bolus injection; animal experiment; animal model; enzyme activity; bacterial strain; enzyme linked immunosorbent assay; mice, inbred balb c; confidence interval; disease model; antibiotic resistance; anti-bacterial agents; drug resistance, bacterial; blood sampling; immunogenicity; outcomes research; species difference; bacteremia; drug cytotoxicity; drug half life; bacterial colonization; disease models, animal; infection control; streptococcus pneumoniae; drug stability; thermostability; antibody production; hydrogen-ion concentration; enzyme mechanism; drug exposure; pharmacokinetics; bacterium isolation; nasopharynx; mice, inbred c3h; colony forming unit; antibacterial activity; enzyme stability; bacteriophage; buffer; pneumococcal infections; penicillin resistance; hyperimmune globulin; lysozyme; muramidase; serotype; female; priority journal; article; phage lytic enzyme cpl 1; streptococcus phages |
| Journal Title: | Infection and Immunity |
| Volume: | 71 |
| Issue: | 11 |
| ISSN: | 0019-9567 |
| Publisher: | American Society for Microbiology |
| Date Published: | 2003-11-01 |
| Start Page: | 6199 |
| End Page: | 6204 |
| Language: | English |
| DOI: | 10.1128/iai.71.11.6199-6204.2003 |
| PUBMED: | 14573637 |
| PROVIDER: | scopus |
| PMCID: | PMC219578 |
| DOI/URL: | |
| Notes: | Export Date: 12 September 2014 -- Source: Scopus |
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