Abstract: |
Urine is a noninvasive sample that is ideal for screening, because it is easy to collect, cost-effective, and can provide a wealth of information on a patient's health status. We provide a brief discussion on the anatomy and physiology of the kidney, a concise overview on B and T cells as key mediators of the immune system, and then delve into the various B-cell neoplasms. This discussion details Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia, plasmacytoma, heavy chain disease, amyloidosis, and multiple myeloma. Of primary clinical importance from a technical perspective, two commonly applied techniques for the separation and characterization of urine proteins include urine protein electrophoresis and urine protein immunofixation. Procedural details for both techniques are provided herein. |