Targeted therapies for esophageal cancer Journal Article
| Authors: | Tew, W. P.; Kelsen, D. P.; Ilson, D. H. |
| Article Title: | Targeted therapies for esophageal cancer |
| Abstract: | Esophageal cancer is a highly aggressive neoplasm. In 2005, 14, 520 Americans will be diagnosed with esophageal cancer, and more than 90% will die of their disease. On a global basis, cancer of the esophagus is the sixth leading cause of cancer death worldwide. In fact, gastric and esophageal cancers together accounted for nearly 1.3 million new cases and 980,000 deaths worldwide in 2000-more than lung, breast, or colorectal cancer. Although esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cases have steadily declined, the incidence of gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma has increased 4%-10% per year among U.S. men since 1976, more rapidly than for any other cancer type, and parallels rises in population trends in obesity and reflux disease. With advances in surgical techniques and treatment, the prognosis of esophageal cancer has slowly improved over the past three decades. However, the 5-year overall survival rate (14%) remains poor, even in comparison with the dismal survival rates (4%) from the 1970s. The underlying reasons for this disappointingly low survival rate are multifold: (a) ineffective screening tools and guidelines; (b) cancer detection at an advanced stage, with over 50% of patients with unresectable disease or distant metastasis at presentation; (c) high risk for recurrent disease after esophagectomy or definitive chemoradiotherapy; (d) unreliable noninvasive tools to measure complete response to chemoradiotherapy; and (e) limited survival achieved with palliative chemotherapy alone for patients with metastatic or unresectable disease. Clearly, additional strategies are needed to detect esophageal cancer earlier and to improve our systemic treatment options. Over the past decade, the field of drug development has been transformed with the identification of and ability to direct treatment at specific molecular targets. This review focuses on novel targeted treatments in development for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and distal esophageal and gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma. ©AlphaMed Press. |
| Keywords: | vasculotropin; vascular endothelial growth factor a; survival rate; thalidomide; clinical trial; review; squamous cell carcinoma; bevacizumab; cisplatin; erlotinib; sunitinib; advanced cancer; cancer combination chemotherapy; cancer growth; diarrhea; side effect; skin manifestation; paclitaxel; cancer patient; ki 67 antigen; imatinib; unindexed drug; etoposide; esophagitis; mucosa inflammation; epidermal growth factor receptor; neovascularization, pathologic; cetuximab; cancer mortality; docetaxel; irinotecan; rash; cancer invasion; antibodies, monoclonal; systematic review; celecoxib; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitors; cardiotoxicity; gefitinib; carcinoma; 2,4 dimethyl 5 (2 oxo 1h indol 3 ylmethylene) 3 pyrrolepropionic acid; vandetanib; vatalanib; epirubicin; mitomycin c; targeted therapy; receptor protein-tyrosine kinases; trastuzumab; esophagus cancer; lipocortin 2; clinical trials; esophageal neoplasms; epidermal growth factor receptor 4; growth inhibition; barrett esophagus; gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma; canertinib; 6 (4 hydroxyphenyl) 4 (alpha methylbenzylamino) 7h pyrrolo[2,3 d]pyrimidine; biochemical marker; esophageal squamous cancer; etopofos; amminedichloro(2 methylpyridine)platinum; proton transporting adenosine triphosphate synthase |
| Journal Title: | The Oncologist |
| Volume: | 10 |
| Issue: | 8 |
| ISSN: | 1083-7159 |
| Publisher: | Oxford University Press |
| Date Published: | 2005-09-01 |
| Start Page: | 590 |
| End Page: | 601 |
| Language: | English |
| DOI: | 10.1634/theoncologist.10-8-590 |
| PUBMED: | 16177283 |
| PROVIDER: | scopus |
| DOI/URL: | |
| Notes: | --- - "Cited By (since 1996): 73" - "Export Date: 24 October 2012" - "CODEN: OCOLF" - "Source: Scopus" |
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