Delayed neurotoxicity in primary central nervous system lymphoma Journal Article
| Authors: | Omuro, A. M. P.; Ben Porat, L. S.; Panageas, K. S.; Kim, A. K.; Correa, D. D.; Yahalom, J.; De Angelis, L. M.; Abrey, L. E. |
| Article Title: | Delayed neurotoxicity in primary central nervous system lymphoma |
| Abstract: | Background: Treatment for primary central nervous lymphoma (PCNSL) with chemotherapy and radiotherapy has resulted in improved survival, but some patients develop neurologic deterioration that represents a treatment-related toxic effect. This delayed neurotoxicity has been poorly defined in the literature, and the underlying mechanisms are unknown. Objective: To describe the clinical findings, time course, and pathophysiologic mechanisms associated with neurotoxicity in an attempt to generate hypotheses for future studies that address prevention and treatment of this complication of successful PCNSL therapy. Design: Retrospective review. Setting: Department of Neurology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center. Patients: One hundred eighty-five patients treated for PCNSL, including 43 who developed neurotoxicity. Main Outcome Measures: Potential risk factors, clinical course, and neuropsychological, neuroimaging, and histologic findings. Results: The 5-year cumulative incidence of neurotoxicity was 24%; this incidence increases over time. Neurotoxicity presented as a rapidly progressive subcortical dementia characterized by psychomotor slowing, executive and memory dysfunction, behavioral changes, gait ataxia, and incontinence. Imaging findings revealed diffuse white matter disease and cortical-subcortical atrophy. Available autopsy data showed white matter damage with gliosis, thickening of small vessels, and demyelination. Statistical analyses were performed, accounting for death as a competing risk. Older age (P=.01), mental status changes at diagnosis (P=.04), female sex (P=.05), and radiotherapy (P<.001) predicted neurotoxicity on univariate analysis, but only radiotherapy remained significant in the multivariate setting. Conclusion: These findings suggest that the core pathophysiologic mechanism is the interruption of frontal-subcortical circuits mediated by radiation damage, possibly caused by progressive microvascular alterations, loss of oligodendrocyte progenitors, or oxidative stress. ©2005 American Medical Association. All rights reserved. |
| Keywords: | adult; treatment outcome; aged; middle aged; retrospective studies; major clinical study; review; pathophysiology; combined modality therapy; primary central nervous system lymphoma; neuroimaging; neurotoxicity; antineoplastic agent; antineoplastic combined chemotherapy protocols; radiotherapy; incidence; gliosis; risk factors; age factors; retrospective study; risk factor; time factors; central nervous system neoplasms; statistical analysis; brain; lymphoma; dementia; brain diseases; oxidative stress; memory disorder; cognition disorders; sex factors; ataxia; mental health; white matter; incontinence; oligodendroglia; psychomotor disorder; neurotoxicity syndromes; brain cortex atrophy |
| Journal Title: | Archives of Neurology |
| Volume: | 62 |
| Issue: | 10 |
| ISSN: | 0003-9942 |
| Publisher: | American Medical Association |
| Date Published: | 2005-10-01 |
| Start Page: | 1595 |
| End Page: | 1600 |
| Language: | English |
| DOI: | 10.1001/archneur.62.10.1595 |
| PUBMED: | 16216945 |
| PROVIDER: | scopus |
| DOI/URL: | |
| Notes: | --- - "Cited By (since 1996): 70" - "Export Date: 24 October 2012" - "CODEN: ARNEA" - "Source: Scopus" |
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