Gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors: Update on therapeutics Journal Article
| Authors: | Ganetsky, A.; Bhatt, V. |
| Article Title: | Gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors: Update on therapeutics |
| Abstract: | OBJECTIVE: To review the available literature addressing the treatment of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PNETs) and carcinoid tumors. DATA SOURCES: Relevant literature was identified by a PubMed search (January 1977-December 2011) of English-language literature using the terms gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumor, pancreatic neuroendocrine, carcinoid, and pancreatic islet cell tumor. STUDY SELECTION AND DATA EXTRACTION: All published studies and abstracts, as well as relevant consensus guidelines, evaluating the current literature about PNETs and carcinoid tumors were included. DATA SYNTHESIS: Gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (GEP-NETs) are a genetically diverse group of complex malignancies with varying biological and clinical courses. Historically believed to be rare, recent epidemiologic data suggest their incidence is rising. Two of the most commonly diagnosed GEPNETs are PNETs and carcinoid tumors. Both subtypes are well-differentiated tumors and present as low or intermediate grade. The systemic manifestations of PNETs and carcinoid tumors are diverse and are related to the secretion of affected hormones and biogenic amines. Surgical resection of localized disease remains the only curative option. However, the utility of this approach is limited because most patients are diagnosed with advanced disease. Recent advances have led to an improvement in outcomes in patients with PNETs and carcinoid tumors. This review describes traditional therapies as well as emerging strategies being investigated to help manage these cancers. Treatment of poorly differentiated GEP-NETs is beyond the scope of this review. CONCLUSIONS: The advent of new therapies for PNETs and carcinoid tumors has introduced a paradigm shift in the management of this heterogeneous malignancy. |
| Keywords: | signal transduction; cancer survival; treatment response; cancer surgery; overall survival; thalidomide; drug tolerability; fatigue; sorafenib; bevacizumab; doxorubicin; fluorouracil; sunitinib; advanced cancer; cancer combination chemotherapy; diarrhea; drug efficacy; hypertension; hypophosphatemia; side effect; antineoplastic agents; alpha interferon; capecitabine; pancreatic neoplasms; temozolomide; cancer palliative therapy; cytoreductive surgery; dacarbazine; edema; progression free survival; drug eruption; multiple cycle treatment; nephrotoxicity; anemia; bone marrow suppression; bleeding; heart disease; leukopenia; mucosa inflammation; thrombocytopenia; vomiting; qt prolongation; creatinine blood level; hyperglycemia; lymphocytopenia; neuroendocrine tumor; pneumonia; gastrointestinal neoplasms; thromboembolism; nausea and vomiting; carcinoid; octreotide; hypercholesterolemia; drug half life; hypothyroidism; drug dose increase; amylase blood level; hand foot syndrome; triacylglycerol lipase blood level; digestive system perforation; wound healing impairment; everolimus; proteinuria; radioisotope therapy; angiopeptin; amylase; somatostatin; neuroendocrine tumors; drug formulation; interferon-alpha; angioneurotic edema; triacylglycerol lipase; chlorozotocin; streptozocin; insulinoma; phase 2 clinical trial (topic); gastrinoma; glucagonoma; somatostatinoma; vipoma; hypertransaminasemia; molecular targeted therapy; peginterferon alpha; noninfectious pneumonitis; pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor; gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumor; cytotoxins; stomach emptying; adrenal disease; gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors; pancreatic islet cell tumor; acth secreting adenoma; growth hormone secreting adenoma |
| Journal Title: | Annals of Pharmacotherapy |
| Volume: | 46 |
| Issue: | 6 |
| ISSN: | 1060-0280 |
| Publisher: | Sage Publications |
| Date Published: | 2012-06-01 |
| Start Page: | 851 |
| End Page: | 862 |
| Language: | English; Spanish |
| DOI: | 10.1345/aph.1Q729 |
| PROVIDER: | scopus |
| PUBMED: | 22589450 |
| DOI/URL: | |
| Notes: | --- - "Export Date: 2 July 2012" - "CODEN: APHRE" - "Source: Scopus" |
