| Abstract: |
Dysplasia in Barrett’s oesophagus can manifest as polypoid masses with a tubular or villous architecture reminiscent of colonic adenomas. Oesophageal epithelial neoplasms of salivary gland type with a presumptive origin from submucosal glands or ducts are extremely rare. Pleomorphic adenomas can be easily misdiagnosed as an oesophageal adenocarcinoma because of the presence of a gland-forming epithelial component surrounded by spindle myoepithelial cells in a myxohyaline matrix that mimics a desmoplastic stroma. Oesophageal cancer is a significant health burden globally. The aetiology of oesophageal squamous-cell carcinomas (OSCC) is multifactorial and population-dependent. Increased risk for OSCC has been reported with tobacco use, alcohol consumption, betel quid chewing, eating hot foods, exposure to X-ray and gamma radiation, low socioeconomic status, achalasia and Fanconi anaemia. Both smoking exposure time and intensity correlate positively with the risk of carcinoma, and longer duration appears more harmful than higher intensity. © 2025 John Wiley & Sons Ltd. |
