Small biopsy and cytology of pulmonary neuroendocrine neoplasms: Brief overview of classification, immunohistochemistry, molecular profiles, and World Health Organization updates Review


Authors: Sung, S.; Heymann, J. J.; Politis, M. G.; Baine, M. K.; Rekhtman, N.; Saqi, A.
Review Title: Small biopsy and cytology of pulmonary neuroendocrine neoplasms: Brief overview of classification, immunohistochemistry, molecular profiles, and World Health Organization updates
Abstract: Pulmonary neuroendocrine neoplasms comprise 20% of all lung tumors. Typical carcinoid, atypical carcinoid, small cell carcinoma, and large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma represent the 4 major distinct subtypes recognized on resections. This review provides a brief overview of the cytomorphologic features and the 2021 World Health Organization classification of these tumor types on small biopsy and cytology specimens. Also discussed are the role of immunohistochemistry in the diagnosis and molecular signatures of pulmonary neuroendocrine tumors. © 2022 Lippincott Williams and Wilkins. All rights reserved.
Keywords: immunohistochemistry; human tissue; review; adenocarcinoma; ki 67 antigen; cytology; lung neoplasms; pathology; necrosis; biopsy; neuroendocrine tumor; sarcoma; lung tumor; lymphoma; carcinoma; lung; mitosis rate; artifact; carcinoid; world health organization; real time polymerase chain reaction; cytokeratin; gastrointestinal tract; carcinoid tumor; neuroendocrine tumors; sample size; small cell carcinoma; carcinoma, neuroendocrine; insulinoma; synaptophysin; non small cell lung cancer; neuroendocrine; chromogranin a; atypical carcinoid; cd56 antigen; fine needle aspiration biopsy; terminology; humans; human; small biopsy
Journal Title: Advances in Anatomic Pathology
Volume: 29
Issue: 6
ISSN: 1072-4109
Publisher: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins  
Date Published: 2022-11-01
Start Page: 329
End Page: 336
Language: English
DOI: 10.1097/pap.0000000000000360
PUBMED: 36053019
PROVIDER: scopus
DOI/URL:
Notes: Review -- Export Date: 1 December 2022 -- Source: Scopus
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MSK Authors
  1. Natasha Rekhtman
    424 Rekhtman
  2. Marina K Baine
    51 Baine
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