Structure-based functional mechanisms and biotechnology applications of anti-CRISPR proteins Review
| Authors: | Jia, N.; Patel, D. J. |
| Review Title: | Structure-based functional mechanisms and biotechnology applications of anti-CRISPR proteins |
| Abstract: | CRISPR loci and Cas proteins provide adaptive immunity in prokaryotes against invading bacteriophages and plasmids. In response, bacteriophages have evolved a broad spectrum of anti-CRISPR proteins (anti-CRISPRs) to counteract and overcome this immunity pathway. Numerous anti-CRISPRs have been identified to date, which suppress single-subunit Cas effectors (in CRISPR class 2, type II, V and VI systems) and multisubunit Cascade effectors (in CRISPR class 1, type I and III systems). Crystallography and cryo-electron microscopy structural studies of anti-CRISPRs bound to effector complexes, complemented by functional experiments in vitro and in vivo, have identified four major CRISPR–Cas suppression mechanisms: inhibition of CRISPR–Cas complex assembly, blocking of target binding, prevention of target cleavage, and degradation of cyclic oligonucleotide signalling molecules. In this Review, we discuss novel mechanistic insights into anti-CRISPR function that have emerged from X-ray crystallography and cryo-electron microscopy studies, and how these structures in combination with function studies provide valuable tools for the ever-growing CRISPR–Cas biotechnology toolbox, to be used for precise and robust genome editing and other applications. © 2021, Springer Nature Limited. |
| Journal Title: | Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology |
| Volume: | 22 |
| Issue: | 8 |
| ISSN: | 1471-0072 |
| Publisher: | Nature Publishing Group |
| Date Published: | 2021-08-01 |
| Start Page: | 563 |
| End Page: | 579 |
| Language: | English |
| DOI: | 10.1038/s41580-021-00371-9 |
| PUBMED: | 34089013 |
| PROVIDER: | scopus |
| DOI/URL: | |
| Notes: | Review -- Export Date: 1 September 2021 -- Source: Scopus |
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