Authors: | Attalla, K.; Weng, S.; Voss, M. H.; Hakimi, A. A. |
Review Title: | Epidemiology, risk assessment, and biomarkers for patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma |
Abstract: | In the preceding two decades, several milestones have been reached in the management of patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC), including the development of novel targeted agents paralleling an increased understanding of the molecular biology of this disease process. Recently, a renewed enthusiasm for immunotherapy in the form of immune checkpoint blockade has resulted in significant strides in the treatment of mRCC. Despite these advances, treatment remains challenging for clinicians, and only modest survival benefits are observed with current treatment paradigms. The risk-stratification tools and investigated predictive and prognostic biomarkers in patients with mRCC are detailed in this review. © 2020 Elsevier Inc. |
Keywords: | immunohistochemistry; cancer survival; protein expression; survival rate; review; bevacizumab; sunitinib; advanced cancer; drug efficacy; drug safety; disease marker; clinical practice; biomarkers; biological marker; metabolism; neutrophil count; molecular dynamics; renal cell carcinoma; kidney neoplasms; risk assessment; mathematical model; protein tyrosine kinase inhibitor; gene expression regulation; immunotherapy; kidney tumor; carcinoma, renal cell; pazopanib; targeted therapy; axitinib; disease predisposition; loss of function mutation; prognostic biomarker; tumor microenvironment; metastatic renal cell carcinoma; predictive biomarker; nivolumab; humans; prognosis; human; priority journal; atezolizumab; avelumab; immunological antineoplastic agent; antineoplastic agents, immunological; international metastatic rcc database consortium model; memorial sloan kettering cancer center risk model |
Journal Title: | Urologic Clinics of North America |
Volume: | 47 |
Issue: | 3 |
ISSN: | 0094-0143 |
Publisher: | W.B. Saunders Co-Elsevier Inc. |
Date Published: | 2020-08-01 |
Start Page: | 293 |
End Page: | 303 |
Language: | English |
DOI: | 10.1016/j.ucl.2020.04.002 |
PUBMED: | 32600532 |
PROVIDER: | scopus |
PMCID: | PMC8327324 |
DOI/URL: | |
Notes: | Review -- Export Date: 1 September 2020 -- Source: Scopus |