Environmental goitrogens Book Section


Authors: Agrawal, V.; Ghaznavi, S. A.; Paschke, R.
Article/Chapter Title: Environmental goitrogens
Abstract: Environmental goitrogens are naturally occurring or synthetic substances found in food, drinking water, or manufactured products that interfere with normal thyroid physiology in such a way as to promote goiter development. The majority of goitrogens act through inhibition of the sodium’iodine symporter (NIS), thyroid peroxidase activity (TPO), or peripheral conversion of thyroxine (T4) to triiodotyronine (T3). Goitrogens tend to have a dose-dependent effect on goitrogenesis, and this effect is often intensified by the co-existence of iodine deficiency. Examples of environmental goitrogens include perchlorate, thiocyanates, nitrates, and fluoride. This chapter reviews our current understanding of key environmental goitrogens, including their source, mechanism of action, and clinical impact on goiter formation and thyroid function. © 2019 Elsevier Inc.
Keywords: flavonoid; thyroid; goiter; nitrate; sodium-iodide symporter; resorcinol; thyroid peroxidase; perchlorate; thiocyanate; phthalates; goitrogen
Book Title: Encyclopedia of Endocrine Diseases. 2nd ed
Volume: 4
ISBN: 9780128122006
Publisher: Elsevier Inc.  
Date Published: 2019-01-01
Start Page: 506
End Page: 511
Language: English
DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-801238-3.96003-3
PROVIDER: scopus
DOI/URL:
Notes: Book Chapter -- Source: Scopus
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