| Abstract: |
The divalent cation-binding properties of the human insulin receptor tyrosine kinase domain were examined kinetically and by electron paramagnetic resonance and circular dichroic spectroscopy. The protein-tyrosine kinase activity of the purified cytoplasmic domain can be activated nearly 10-fold by 3 mM Mn2+ in the presence or absence of 5 mM Mg2+. Electron paramagnetic resonance spectra of the purified, acid-denatured kinase domain and assays of EDTA-treated kinase show that the purified protein does not possess residual, tightly bound Mn2+. Electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy was used to directly measure the binding constant of the kinase domain for Mn2+. The results indicate that the recombinant cytoplasmic domain of the human insulin receptor does not bind Mn2+ tightly in the absence or presence of MgATP (Kd > 0.8 mM). Furthermore, the enzyme does not show a strong preference for MnATP binding when both MgATP and MnATP are present. The far-ultraviolet circular dichroic spectrum of this domain is characterized by a negative maximum at 207 nm. In the presence of Mn2+, but not Mg2+, changes in the mean residue-weight ellipticity at 207 nm occur that are consistent with a decrease in α-helical content. The addition of ATP to Mn2+-bound protein does not further perturb the spectrum. We conclude that Mn2+ ions, although they bind weakly, induce an activating conformational change in the secondary structure of the human insulin receptor cytoplasmic domain. Activation by Mn2+ is unlikely to be significant in intact cells, but it may mimic the action of a physiological activator. |
| Keywords: |
human cell; protein conformation; metabolism; protein binding; protein tyrosine kinase; kinetics; genetic engineering; histone; recombinant proteins; recombinant protein; conformational transition; protein secondary structure; histones; secondary structure; insulin receptor; circular dichroism; conformational change; manganese; electron spin resonance; electron spin resonance spectroscopy; spectrophotometry, ultraviolet; protein-tyrosine kinase; human; priority journal; article; ultraviolet spectrophotometry; support, non-u.s. gov't; support, u.s. gov't, p.h.s.; receptor, insulin; electron paramagnetic resonance
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