Insights into hypoxia: Non-invasive assessment through imaging modalities and its application in breast cancer Review
| Author: | Daimiel, I. |
| Review Title: | Insights into hypoxia: Non-invasive assessment through imaging modalities and its application in breast cancer |
| Abstract: | Oxygen is crucial to maintain the homeostasis in aerobic cells. Hypoxia is a condition in which cells are deprived of the oxygen supply necessary for their optimum performance. Whereas oxygen deprivation may occur in normal physiological processes, hypoxia is frequently associated with pathological conditions. It has been identified as a stressor in the tumor microenvironment, acting as a key mediator of cancer development. Numerous pathways are activated in hypoxic cells that affect cell signaling and gene regulation to promote the survival of these cells by stimulating angiogenesis, switching cellular metabolism, slowing their growth rate, and preventing apoptosis. The induction of dysregulated metabolism in cancer cells by hypoxia results in aggressive tumor phenotypes that are characterized by rapid progression, treatment resistance, and poor prognosis. A non-invasive assessment of hypoxia-induced metabolic and architectural changes in tumors is advisable to fully improve breast cancer (BC) patient management, by potentially reducing the need for invasive biopsy procedures and evaluating tumor response to treatment. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the molecular changes in breast tumors secondary to hypoxia and the non-invasive imaging alternatives to evaluate oxygen deprivation, with an emphasis on their application in BC and the advantages and limitations of the currently available techniques. © 2019 Korean Breast Cancer Society. |
| Keywords: | signal transduction; vasculotropin; unclassified drug; review; nuclear magnetic resonance imaging; positron emission tomography; tumor associated leukocyte; reproducibility; computer assisted tomography; breast cancer; image analysis; molecular imaging; breast neoplasms; hypoxia; patient care; fluorodeoxyglucose f 18; radioisotope; oximetry; cell metabolism; dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging; diffusion weighted imaging; recombinant erythropoietin; electroencephalogram; oxyhemoglobin; oxygen supply; image reconstruction; growth rate; optical coherence tomography; reoxygenation; single photon emission computed tomography; electron spin resonance; oxygen blood level; oxygen sensing; oxygen concentration; relaxation time; oxygen tissue level; fluorocarbon; fluoroazomycin arabinoside f18; human; thiosemicarbazone; flortanidazole f 18; fluoroerythronitroimidazole f18; fluoromisoinidazole f18 |
| Journal Title: | Journal of Breast Cancer |
| Volume: | 22 |
| Issue: | 2 |
| ISSN: | 1738-6756 |
| Publisher: | Korean Breast Cancer Society |
| Date Published: | 2019-06-01 |
| Start Page: | 155 |
| End Page: | 171 |
| Language: | English |
| DOI: | 10.4048/jbc.2019.22.e26 |
| PROVIDER: | scopus |
| PMCID: | PMC6597408 |
| PUBMED: | 31281720 |
| DOI/URL: | |
| Notes: | Review -- Export Date: 1 November 2019 -- Source: Scopus |
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