How I treat extramedullary acute myeloid leukemia Journal Article
| Authors: | Bakst, R. L.; Tallman, M. S.; Douer, D.; Yahalom, J. |
| Article Title: | How I treat extramedullary acute myeloid leukemia |
| Abstract: | Extramedullary (EM) manifestations of acute leukemia include a wide variety of clinically significant phenomena that often pose therapeutic dilemmas. Myeloid sarcoma (MS) and leukemia cutis (LC) represent 2 well-known EM manifestations with a range of clinical presentations. MS (also known as granulocytic sarcoma or chloroma) is a rare EM tumor of immature myeloid cells. LC specifically refers to the infiltration of the epidermis, dermis, or subcutis by neoplastic leukocytes (leukemia cells), resulting in clinically identifiable cutaneous lesions. The molecular mechanisms underlying EM involvement are not well defined, but recent immunophenotyping, cytogenetic, and molecular analysis are beginning to provide some understanding. Certain cytogenetic abnormalities are associated with increased risk of EM involvement, potentially through altering tissue-homing pathways. The prognostic significance of EM involvement is not fully understood. Therefore, it has been difficult to define the optimal treatment of patients with MS or LC. The timing of EM development at presentation versus relapse, involvement of the marrow, and AML risk classification help to determine our approach to treatment of EM disease. © 2011 by The American Society of Hematology. |
| Keywords: | immunohistochemistry; cancer chemotherapy; cancer survival; treatment response; acute granulocytic leukemia; gene mutation; mutation; leukemia, myeloid, acute; review; skin toxicity; cancer radiotherapy; cytarabine; flow cytometry; positron emission tomography; antineoplastic agent; clinical practice; computer assisted tomography; differential diagnosis; cytogenetics; hematopoietic stem cell transplantation; chronic myeloid leukemia; skin; chromosome aberration; fluorescence in situ hybridization; bone marrow biopsy; leukemia cell; immunophenotyping; chromosome aberrations; aspiration biopsy; drug therapy; leukemia relapse; retinoic acid; clofarabine; azacitidine; granulocytic sarcoma; transcription factor runx1; cd135 antigen; nucleophosmin; leukemic infiltration; skin leukemia; sarcoma, myeloid |
| Journal Title: | Blood |
| Volume: | 118 |
| Issue: | 14 |
| ISSN: | 0006-4971 |
| Publisher: | American Society of Hematology |
| Date Published: | 2011-10-06 |
| Start Page: | 3785 |
| End Page: | 3793 |
| Language: | English |
| DOI: | 10.1182/blood-2011-04-347229 |
| PROVIDER: | scopus |
| PUBMED: | 21795742 |
| DOI/URL: | |
| Notes: | --- - "Cited By (since 1996): 1" - "Export Date: 2 November 2011" - "CODEN: BLOOA" - "Source: Scopus" |
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