Mycobacterium haemophilum: Microbiology and expanding clinical and geographic spectra of disease in humans Journal Article
| Authors: | Saubolle, M. A.; Kiehn, T. E.; White, M. H.; Rudinsky, M. F.; Armstrong, D. |
| Article Title: | Mycobacterium haemophilum: Microbiology and expanding clinical and geographic spectra of disease in humans |
| Abstract: | Reports of the association of Mycobacterium haemophilum with disease in humans have greatly increased. At least 64 cases have now been reported, with symptoms ranging from focal lesions to widespread, systemic disease. The organism is now known to cause primarily cutaneous and subcutaneous infection, septic arthritis, osteomyelitis, and pneumonitis in patients who are immunologically compromised and lymphadenitis in apparently immunocompetent children. Underlying condition in the compromised patients have included AIDS; renal, bone marrow, and cardiac transplantation; lymphoma; rheumatoid arthritis; marrow hypoplasia; and Crohn's disease. Reports have originated from diverse geographic areas worldwide. The epidemiology of M. haemophilum remains poorly defined; there appears to be a genetic diversity between strains isolated from different regions. The organism is probably present in the environment, but recovery by sampling has not been successful. M. haemophilum has several unique traits, including predilection for lower temperatures (30 to 32°C) and requirement for iron supplementation (ferric ammonium citrate or hemin). These may in the past have compromised recovery in the laboratory. Therapy has not been well elucidated, and the outcome appears to be influenced by the patient's underlying immunosuppression. The organisms are most susceptible to ciprofloxacin, clarithromycin, rifabutin, and rifampin. Timely diagnosis and therapy require communication between clinician and the laboratory. |
| Keywords: | adult; child; treatment outcome; aged; child, preschool; middle aged; review; transplantation; bacteria (microorganisms); pneumonia; coronary artery bypass; symptom; anti-bacterial agents; mycolic acids; infant; early diagnosis; lymphoma; ciprofloxacin; lymphadenitis; mycobacterium haemophilum; mycobacterium infections; temperature; rheumatoid arthritis; acquired immune deficiency syndrome; acquired immunodeficiency syndrome; clarithromycin; chromatography, high pressure liquid; immune deficiency; immunocompromised host; doxycycline; bone marrow transplantation; bacteriological techniques; cotrimoxazole; minocycline; rifampicin; bacterial infection; immunocompetence; ofloxacin; skin infection; culture media; crohn disease; bacterium isolation; erythromycin; rifabutin; kidney transplantation; streptomycin; antitubercular agents; osteomyelitis; sulfamethoxazole; systemic disease; heart transplantation; hemin; bone marrow hypoplasia; amikacin; ethambutol; isoniazid; microbial sensitivity tests; arthritis, rheumatoid; dicloxacillin; pyrazinamide; cycloserine; humans; human; male; female; aminosalicylic acid; ferric ammonium citrate; bacterial arthritis |
| Journal Title: | Clinical Microbiology Reviews |
| Volume: | 9 |
| Issue: | 4 |
| ISSN: | 0893-8512 |
| Publisher: | American Society for Microbiology |
| Date Published: | 1996-10-01 |
| Start Page: | 435 |
| End Page: | 447 |
| Language: | English |
| PUBMED: | 8894345 |
| PROVIDER: | scopus |
| PMCID: | PMC172903 |
| DOI/URL: | |
| Notes: | Review -- Export Date: 22 November 2017 -- Source: Scopus |
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