Emerging targets in cancer immunotherapy: Beyond CTLA-4 and PD-1 Journal Article
| Authors: | Assal, A.; Kaner, J.; Pendurti, G.; Zang, X. |
| Article Title: | Emerging targets in cancer immunotherapy: Beyond CTLA-4 and PD-1 |
| Abstract: | Manipulation of co-stimulatory or co-inhibitory checkpoint proteins allows for the reversal of tumor-induced T-cell anergy observed in cancer. The field has gained credence given success with CTLA-4 and PD-1 inhibitors. These molecules include immunoglobulin family members and the B7 subfamily as well as the TNF receptor family members. PD-L1 inhibitors and LAG-3 inhibitors have progressed through clinical trials. Other B7 family members have shown promise in preclinical models. TNFR superfamily members have shown variable success in preclinical and clinical studies. As clinical investigation in tumor immunology gains momentum, the next stage becomes learning how to combine checkpoint inhibitors and agonists with each other as well as with traditional chemotherapeutic agents. © 2015 Future Medicine Ltd. |
| Keywords: | unclassified drug; review; nonhuman; cancer immunotherapy; cd40 ligand; protein; immunotherapy; cytotoxic t lymphocyte antigen 4; glucocorticoid induced tumor necrosis factor receptor; b7 antigen; cd27 antigen; tryptophan; ox40 ligand; programmed death 1 ligand 1; randomized controlled trial (topic); translational medicine; clinical trial (topic); molecularly targeted therapy; phase 2 clinical trial (topic); phase 1 clinical trial (topic); cd40 antigen; cd137 antigen; cd137 ligand; checkpoint proteins; b7 family; urelumab; human; priority journal; programmed death 1 ligand 2; tnfr superfamily; b7h3 antigen; hhla2 antigen; lag 3 protein; tim 3 protein; v set domain containing t cell activation inhibitor 1; vista protein |
| Journal Title: | Immunotherapy |
| Volume: | 7 |
| Issue: | 11 |
| ISSN: | 1750-743X |
| Publisher: | Future Medicine |
| Date Published: | 2015-01-01 |
| Start Page: | 1169 |
| End Page: | 1186 |
| Language: | English |
| DOI: | 10.2217/imt.15.78 |
| PROVIDER: | scopus |
| PUBMED: | 26567614 |
| PMCID: | PMC4976877 |
| DOI/URL: | |
| Notes: | Review -- Export Date: 7 January 2016 -- 1169 -- Source: Scopus |
