Localization and activity of the SNARE Ykt6 determined by its regulatory domain and palmitoylation Journal Article
| Authors: | Fukasawa, M.; Varlamov, O.; Eng, W. S.; Söllner, T. H.; Rothman, J. E. |
| Article Title: | Localization and activity of the SNARE Ykt6 determined by its regulatory domain and palmitoylation |
| Abstract: | Soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptors (SNAREs) catalyze compartment-specific membrane fusion. Whereas most SNAREs are bona fide type II membrane proteins, Ykt6 lacks a proteinaceous membrane anchor but contains a prenylation consensus motif (CAAX box) and exists in an inactive cytosolic and an active membrane-bound form. We demonstrate that both forms are farnesylated at the carboxyl-terminal cysteine of the CCAIM sequence. Farnesylation is the prerequisite for subsequent palmitoylation of the upstream cysteine, which permits stable membrane association of Ykt6. The double-lipid modification and membrane association is crucial for intra-Golgi transport in vitro and cell homeostasis/survival in vivo. The membrane recruitment and palmitoylation is controlled by the N-terminal domain of Ykt6, which interacts with the SNARE motif, keeping it in an inactive closed conformation. Together, these results suggest that conformational changes control the lipid modification and function of Ykt6. Considering the essential and central role of Ykt6 in the secretory pathway, this spatial and functional cycle might provide a mechanism to regulate the rate of intracellular membrane flow. |
| Keywords: | controlled study; human cell; protein localization; carboxy terminal sequence; membrane proteins; hybrid protein; amino terminal sequence; membrane protein; immunoblotting; plasmids; microscopy, fluorescence; conformational transition; cytosol; cysteine; immunofluorescence microscopy; polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis; golgi complex; palmitoylation; vesicular transport proteins; membrane fusion; snare protein; palmitic acid; snare proteins; prenylation; human; priority journal; article |
| Journal Title: | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America |
| Volume: | 101 |
| Issue: | 14 |
| ISSN: | 0027-8424 |
| Publisher: | National Academy of Sciences |
| Date Published: | 2004-04-06 |
| Start Page: | 4815 |
| End Page: | 4820 |
| Language: | English |
| DOI: | 10.1073/pnas.0401183101 |
| PROVIDER: | scopus |
| PMCID: | PMC387331 |
| PUBMED: | 15044687 |
| DOI/URL: | |
| Notes: | Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. -- Cited By (since 1996):51 -- Export Date: 16 June 2014 -- CODEN: PNASA -- Source: Scopus |
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