Photoprotection: A review of the current and future technologies Journal Article
| Authors: | Wang, S. Q.; Balagula, Y.; Osterwalder, U. |
| Article Title: | Photoprotection: A review of the current and future technologies |
| Abstract: | Exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation is associated with a variety of harmful effects ranging from photoaging to skin cancer. UVB (290 to 320 nm) directly damages the cellular DNA leading to the formation of the 6-4 cyclobutane pyrimidine dimmers, and UVA (320 to 400 nm) indirectly damages the DNA via the production of oxygen radical species. In this review, we focused on the technological and scientific aspects of photoprotection using sunglasses and clothing while attempting to dispel some of the misconceptions. In addition to the basic knowledge relating to sunscreens, we reviewed the current guidelines for testing and labeling UVA protection around the world, controversies associated with nanoparticles, and future sunscreens actives waiting for the Food and Drug Administration approval. Lastly, we reviewed alternative agents, such as antioxidants, that can be used to supplement and augment photoprotection provided by sunscreens. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. |
| Keywords: | unclassified drug; review; squamous cell carcinoma; nonhuman; united states; animals; mice; sunscreen; unindexed drug; protective clothing; actinic keratosis; inflammation; skin cancer; diet supplementation; skin; skin tumor; clothing; erythema; cataract; nanoparticles; flavonoid; antioxidants; alpha tocopherol; ascorbic acid; antioxidant activity; selenium; epigallocatechin gallate; ultraviolet a radiation; ultraviolet b radiation; ultraviolet rays; resveratrol; environmental factor; eye protection; sunscreening agents; drug formulation; sunlight protection; polypodium leucotomos extract; photoaging; radiation protection; retina macula degeneration; photoprotection; genistein; apigenin; avobenzone; cinnamic acid; equol; pycnogenol; salicylic acid; benzophenone; eye protective devices; sunglasses; 4 aminobenzoic acid; benzotriazole derivative; bisoctrizole; daidzein; ecamsule; epicatechin; epicatechin gallate; epigallocatechin; inorganic compound; mexoryl sx; octocrylene; organic compound; polyphenol; silymarin; tinosorb; eye injury; keratoconjunctivitis; protective equipment; pterygium; retinitis; macular degeneration |
| Journal Title: | Dermatologic Therapy |
| Volume: | 23 |
| Issue: | 1 |
| ISSN: | 1396-0296 |
| Publisher: | Wiley Blackwell |
| Date Published: | 2010-01-01 |
| Start Page: | 31 |
| End Page: | 47 |
| Language: | English |
| DOI: | 10.1111/j.1529-8019.2009.01289.x |
| PUBMED: | 20136907 |
| PROVIDER: | scopus |
| DOI/URL: | |
| Notes: | --- - "Cited By (since 1996): 1" - "Export Date: 20 April 2011" - "CODEN: DETHF" - "Source: Scopus" |
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