LET-99 inhibits lateral posterior pulling forces during asymmetric spindle elongation in C. elegans embryos Journal Article
| Authors: | Krueger, L. E.; Wu, J. C.; Tsou, M. F. B.; Rose, L. S. |
| Article Title: | LET-99 inhibits lateral posterior pulling forces during asymmetric spindle elongation in C. elegans embryos |
| Abstract: | Cortical pulling on astral microtubules positions the mitotic spindle in response to PAR polarity cues and G protein signaling in many systems. In Caenorhabditis elegans single-cell embryos, posterior spindle displacement depends on Gα and its regulators GPR-1/2 and LIN-5. GPR-1/2 and LIN-5 are necessary for cortical pulling forces and become enriched at the posterior cortex, which suggests that higher forces act on the posterior spindle pole compared with the anterior pole. However, the precise distribution of cortical forces and how they are regulated remains to be determined. Using spindle severing, single centrosome assays, and centrosome fragmentation, we show that both the anterior and posterior cortices generate more pulling force than the lateral-posterior region. Lateral inhibition depends on LET-99, which inhibits GPR-1/2 localization to produce a bipolar GPR-1/2 pattern. Thus, rather than two domains of cortical force, there are three. We propose that the attenuation of lateral forces prevents counterproductive pulling, resulting in a higher net force toward the posterior that contributes to spindle elongation and displacement. © 2010 Krueger et al. |
| Keywords: | controlled study; unclassified drug; nonhuman; protein domain; protein localization; mitosis; animal cell; animals; cell cycle proteins; cell division; cell structure; embryo; animal experiment; brain cortex; embryo, nonmammalian; spindle cell; mitotic spindle apparatus; caenorhabditis elegans; cell elongation; g protein coupled receptor; regulator protein; growth inhibition; force; centrosome; caenorhabditis elegans proteins; protein gpr 1; protein gpr 2; protein let 99; protein lin 5; proteinase activated receptor |
| Journal Title: | Journal of Cell Biology |
| Volume: | 189 |
| Issue: | 3 |
| ISSN: | 0021-9525 |
| Publisher: | Rockefeller University Press |
| Date Published: | 2010-05-03 |
| Start Page: | 481 |
| End Page: | 495 |
| Language: | English |
| DOI: | 10.1083/jcb.201001115 |
| PUBMED: | 20421425 |
| PROVIDER: | scopus |
| PMCID: | PMC2867312 |
| DOI/URL: | |
| Notes: | --- - "Export Date: 20 April 2011" - "CODEN: JCLBA" - "Source: Scopus" |
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