Fatherhood status and risk of prostate cancer: Nationwide, population-based case-control study Journal Article
| Authors: | Wirén, S. M.; Drevin, L. I.; Carlsson, S. V.; Akre, O.; Holmberg, E. C.; Robinson, D. E.; Garmo, H. G.; Stattin, P. E. |
| Article Title: | Fatherhood status and risk of prostate cancer: Nationwide, population-based case-control study |
| Abstract: | Previous studies have shown a decreased risk of prostate cancer for childless men; however, the cause of the association remains to be elucidated. The aim of our study was to assess the risk of prostate cancer by fatherhood status, also considering potential confounding factors. In a case-control study in Prostate Cancer data Base Sweden 2.0, a nationwide, population-based cohort, data on number of children, marital status, education, comorbidity and tumor characteristics obtained through nationwide healthcare registers and demographic databases for 117,328 prostate cancer cases and 562,644 controls, matched on birth year and county of residence, were analyzed. Conditional logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) for prostate cancer overall and by risk category, adjusting for marital status and education. Childless men had a decreased risk of prostate cancer compared to fathers, OR = 0.83 (95% CI = 0.82-0.84), and risk was lower for low-risk prostate cancer, OR = 0.74 (95% CI = 0.72-0.77), than for metastatic prostate cancer, OR = 0.93 (95% CI = 0.90-0.97). Adjustment for marital status and education attenuated the association in the low-risk category, adjusted OR = 0.87 (95% CI = 0.84-0.91), whereas OR for metastatic cancer remained virtually unchanged, adjusted OR = 0.92 (95% CI = 0.88-0.96). Our data indicate that the association between fatherhood status and prostate cancer to a large part is due to socioeconomic factors influencing healthcare-seeking behavior including testing of prostate-specific antigen levels. What's new? Previous studies have indicated that childless men may have a decreased risk of prostate cancer compared with men who are fathers, possibly because childless men may be infertile and therefore have reduced androgen levels that would otherwise predispose them to disease. This population-based case-control study supports the finding that childless men have a decreased risk of prostate cancer, but adjustment for socioeconomic factors substantially weakened an association for low-risk cancers. The results indicate that the relationship between fatherhood status and prostate cancer may be due largely to socioeconomic factors that influence health-care seeking behavior and hence testing of prostate specific antigen levels. Copyright © 2013 UICC. |
| Keywords: | case-control studies; prostate cancer; hypogonadism; epidemiology; androgens |
| Journal Title: | International Journal of Cancer |
| Volume: | 133 |
| Issue: | 4 |
| ISSN: | 0020-7136 |
| Publisher: | John Wiley & Sons |
| Date Published: | 2013-08-15 |
| Start Page: | 937 |
| End Page: | 943 |
| Language: | English |
| DOI: | 10.1002/ijc.28057 |
| PROVIDER: | scopus |
| PUBMED: | 23354735 |
| PMCID: | PMC3734704 |
| DOI/URL: | |
| Notes: | --- - "Export Date: 1 July 2013" - "CODEN: IJCNA" - "Source: Scopus" |
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