Novel agents in invasive urothelial cancer Journal Article
| Authors: | Balar, A. V.; Milowsky, M. I. |
| Article Title: | Novel agents in invasive urothelial cancer |
| Abstract: | Invasive urothelial cancer is an aggressive, biologically heterogeneous disease. Most patients present with non-muscle invasive bladder cancer involving the epithelium as exophytic tumors, in situ carcinoma, or minimally invasive disease involving the lamina propria. Such patients are typically managed with complete transurethral resection with or without intravesical therapy. Muscle invasive urothelial cancer, however, is biologically and clinically distinct. This subtype is characterized by mutations or deletions in tumor suppressor genes, such as TP53, Rb, and PTEN, leading to genomic instability and a more aggressive phenotype. Survival in advanced disease is poor with currently available treatment strategies. Technological advances in the ability to molecularly characterize human cancer have led to the identification of genetic alterations that may be therapeutically exploitable. Novel chemotherapies, such as antifolates and taxanes, have shown promise in urothelial cancer. Agents against novel molecular targets, such as the human epidermal receptor (HER) and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR), are being investigated. This review article focuses on the current status of novel chemotherapeutic and targeted agents as well as immunotherapy currently in clinical development in invasive urothelial cancer. |
| Keywords: | protein expression; treatment outcome; overall survival; mutation; fatigue; neutropenia; sorafenib; bevacizumab; cisplatin; erlotinib; placebo; sunitinib; drug dose reduction; monotherapy; side effect; antineoplastic agents; receptors, vascular endothelial growth factor; gemcitabine; paclitaxel; neurotoxicity; antineoplastic agent; carboplatin; unindexed drug; vasculotropin receptor; cancer immunotherapy; metastasis; progression free survival; multiple cycle treatment; sensory neuropathy; bone marrow suppression; epidermal growth factor receptor; receptor, epidermal growth factor; bladder cancer; cetuximab; fibroblast growth factor receptor 3; urinary bladder neoplasms; docetaxel; cancer invasion; urothelium; death; genomic instability; cancer specific survival; cardiotoxicity; carcinoma in situ; pten phosphohydrolase; gefitinib; aflibercept; pazopanib; vandetanib; tumor suppressor protein p53; targeted therapy; neoplasm invasiveness; taxoids; folic acid; tumor growth; trastuzumab; folic acid antagonists; retinoblastoma protein; transitional cell carcinoma; pemetrexed; urothelial cancer; lapatinib; pralatrexate; mucous membrane; eribulin; cyanocobalamin; venous thromboembolism; bladder; randomized controlled trial (topic); phase 2 clinical trial (topic); phase 3 clinical trial (topic); phase 1 clinical trial (topic); tesetaxel; multicenter study (topic); novel therapy; transitional cell cancer; non muscle invasive bladder cancer; amrubicin; dovitinib |
| Journal Title: | Clinical Advances in Hematology & Oncology |
| Volume: | 10 |
| Issue: | 8 |
| ISSN: | 1543-0790 |
| Publisher: | Millennium Medical Publishing, Inc |
| Date Published: | 2012-08-01 |
| Start Page: | 504 |
| End Page: | 516 |
| Language: | English |
| PROVIDER: | scopus |
| PUBMED: | 23073049 |
| DOI/URL: | |
| Notes: | --- - "Export Date: 3 December 2012" - "Source: Scopus" |
