Effects of aerobic exercise on cardiorespiratory fitness and cardiovascular risk factors in long-term breast cancer survivors: A randomized controlled trial Journal Article


Authors: Johansen, S. H.; Sæter, M.; Sarvari, S. I.; Reinertsen, K. V.; Edvardsen, E.; Wisløff, T.; Scott, J. M.; Grydeland, M.; Raastad, T.; Hallén, J.; Kiserud, C. E.; Lie, H. C.; Solberg, P. A.; Haugaa, K. H.; Jensen, J. S. S.; Vatningen, L. H.; Thorsen, L.; Nilsen, T. S.
Article Title: Effects of aerobic exercise on cardiorespiratory fitness and cardiovascular risk factors in long-term breast cancer survivors: A randomized controlled trial
Abstract: Background: Cancer treatment may impair physiological adaptations to exercise therapy, yet no study has directly compared exercise effects between cancer survivors and cancer-naive control subjects. Objectives: This study sought to examine the effects of aerobic exercise in anthracycline-treated long-term survivors of breast cancer (BCS) and to compare the effects to cancer-naive women. Methods: The CAUSE (CArdiovascUlar Survivors Exercise) trial was a 2-arm randomized controlled trial in which long-term BCS were assigned to thrice-weekly nonlinear aerobic exercise for 5 months (BCS exercise) or usual care (BCS usual care). A third group of similarly aged cancer-naive women completed the same exercise intervention. The primary outcome was cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) (measured as VO2peak). Secondary outcomes included cardiovascular risk factors (cardiometabolic biomarkers and body composition) and patient-reported outcomes (subjective vitality and life satisfaction). Results: Between October 2020 and February 2023, 140 BCS (aged 59.0 ± 6.4 years; 11 ± 1 years after treatment) and 69 cancer-naive women (aged 57.8 ± 4.9 years) were enrolled. From baseline to post-exercise intervention, VO2peak increased by 1.2 ± 2.6 mL·kg−1·min−1 in the BCS exercise, by 0.01 ± 2.5 mL·kg−1·min−1 in the BCS usual care group (mean difference 1.3; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.5-2.1; P = 0.002), and by 2.6 ± 2.5 mL·kg−1·min−1 in non-cancer subjects (BCS exercise vs non-cancer subjects: mean difference −1.4; 95% CI: −2.2 to −0.5; P = 0.003). No changes in cardiovascular risk factors were observed. Compared with BCS usual care, the BCS exercise group reported improved subjective vitality (mean difference 2.56; 95% CI: 1.22-3.90; P < 0.001) and satisfaction with life (mean difference 1.68; 95% CI: 0.43-2.93; P = 0.009). Conclusions: Although aerobic exercise improves CRF in anthracycline-treated long-term BCS, the response was less than one-half that observed in cancer-naive subjects. © 2025 The Authors
Keywords: adult; controlled study; treatment response; middle aged; major clinical study; treatment duration; breast cancer; randomized controlled trial; cancer survivor; life satisfaction; therapy effect; cardiovascular risk factors; body composition; anthracycline; aerobic exercise; norway; cardiovascular risk factor; clinical outcome; cancer survivorship; exercise therapy; patient-reported outcome; hemoglobin a1c; physical phenomena; breast cancer survivors; cardiorespiratory fitness; human; female; article; exercise oncology; vitality
Journal Title: JACC: CardioOncology
Volume: 7
Issue: 4
ISSN: 2666-0873
Publisher: American College of Cardiology  
Date Published: 2025-06-01
Start Page: 414
End Page: 426
Language: English
DOI: 10.1016/j.jaccao.2025.04.006
PROVIDER: scopus
PMCID: PMC12228135
PUBMED: 40537190
DOI/URL:
Notes: The MSK Cancer Center Support Grant (P30 CA008748) is acknowledge in the PDF -- Source: Scopus
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  1. Jessica M Scott
    71 Scott