Cross-sectional imaging of pancreatic leak: A pictorial review Review
| Authors: | Cardoso, D.; Miranda, J.; de Arimateia Batista Araujo-Filho, J.; Soares, L. E.; Chagas, L.; Seidel, K.; Fonseca, G. M.; Hamdan, D.; Kalaycioglu, B.; Chhabra, S.; Yildirim, O.; Chakraborty, J.; Horvat, N. |
| Review Title: | Cross-sectional imaging of pancreatic leak: A pictorial review |
| Abstract: | Pancreatic leaks occur when a disruption in the pancreatic ductal system results in the leakage of pancreatic enzymes such as amylase, lipase, and proteases into the abdominal cavity. While often associated with pancreatic surgical procedures, trauma and necrotizing pancreatitis are also common culprits. Cross-sectional imaging, particularly computed tomography, plays a crucial role in assessing postoperative conditions and identifying both early and late complications, including pancreatic leaks. The presence of fluid accumulation or hemorrhage near an anastomotic site strongly indicates a pancreatic fistula, particularly if the fluid is connected to the pancreatic duct or anastomotic suture line. Pancreatic fistulas are a type of pancreatic leak that carries a high morbidity rate. Early diagnosis and assessment of pancreatic leaks require vigilance and an understanding of its imaging hallmarks to facilitate prompt treatment and improve patient outcomes. Radiologists must maintain vigilance and understand the imaging patterns of pancreatic leaks to enhance diagnostic accuracy. Ongoing improvements in surgical techniques and diagnostic approaches are promising for minimizing the prevalence and adverse effects of pancreatic fistulas. In this pictorial review, our aim is to facilitate for radiologists the comprehension of pancreatic leaks and their essential imaging patterns. Graphical Abstract: (Figure presented.) © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024. |
| Keywords: | postoperative period; neoadjuvant therapy; pancreatic neoplasms; preoperative evaluation; nutritional status; pancreaticoduodenectomy; computer assisted tomography; infection; heart disease; lung disease; fluid therapy; obesity; smoking; tomography, x-ray computed; hemoglobin; hemoglobin blood level; diagnostic imaging; risk factor; age; postoperative complication; postoperative complications; albumin; contrast enhancement; pancreatitis; chronic pancreatitis; cystic fibrosis; pancreas tumor; operation duration; surgeon; blood transfusion; pancreatectomy; jaundice; surgical drainage; perioperative period; organ size; analgesia; hemodynamics; pancreas disease; pancreatic fistula; digestive system surgical procedures; endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography; work experience; anastomosis leakage; pancreas fistula; pancreaticojejunostomy; albumin blood level; anastomotic leak; procedures; magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography; acute pancreatitis; wounds and injuries; patient mobility; body weight loss; pancreatic diseases; pancreas injury; operative blood loss; humans; human; article; x-ray computed tomography; magnetic resonance elastography; fistula risk score; pancreatic duct |
| Journal Title: | Abdominal Radiology |
| Volume: | 49 |
| Issue: | 12 |
| ISSN: | 2366-004X |
| Publisher: | Springer |
| Date Published: | 2024-12-01 |
| Start Page: | 4507 |
| End Page: | 4520 |
| Language: | English |
| DOI: | 10.1007/s00261-024-04401-w |
| PUBMED: | 38900317 |
| PROVIDER: | scopus |
| DOI/URL: | |
| Notes: | Invited review -- Source: Scopus |
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