PLD3 and PLD4 synthesize S,S-BMP, a key phospholipid enabling lipid degradation in lysosomes Journal Article
| Authors: | Singh, S.; Dransfeld, U. E.; Ambaw, Y. A.; Lopez-Scarim, J.; Farese, R. V. Jr; Walther, T. C. |
| Article Title: | PLD3 and PLD4 synthesize S,S-BMP, a key phospholipid enabling lipid degradation in lysosomes |
| Abstract: | Bis(monoacylglycero)phosphate (BMP) is an abundant lysosomal phospholipid required for degradation of lipids, particularly gangliosides. Alterations in BMP levels are associated with neurodegenerative diseases. Unlike typical glycerophospholipids, lysosomal BMP has two chiral glycerol carbons in the S (rather than the R) stereo-conformation, protecting it from lysosomal degradation. How this unusual and yet crucial S,S-stereochemistry is achieved is unknown. Here, we report that phospholipases D3 and D4 (PLD3 and PLD4) synthesize lysosomal S,S-BMP, with either enzyme catalyzing the critical glycerol stereo-inversion reaction in vitro. Deletion of PLD3 or PLD4 markedly reduced BMP levels in cells or in murine tissues where either enzyme is highly expressed (brain for PLD3; spleen for PLD4), leading to gangliosidosis and lysosomal abnormalities. PLD3 mutants associated with neurodegenerative diseases, including risk of Alzheimer's disease, diminished PLD3 catalytic activity. We conclude that PLD3/4 enzymes synthesize lysosomal S,S-BMP, a crucial lipid for maintaining brain health. © 2024 The Author(s) |
| Keywords: | unclassified drug; nonhuman; dna polymerase; mouse; gene expression; proteomics; central nervous system; splenomegaly; western blotting; dementia; phosphatidylethanolamine; liquid chromatography; lipid metabolism; alzheimer disease; degenerative disease; room temperature; phosphatidic acid; phosphatidylcholine; cell lysate; lysosome; immunofluorescence microscopy; polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis; neurodegeneration; phospholipid; hypothesis; gangliosides; catabolism; ganglioside; alzheimer's disease; microglia; glycerophospholipid; liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry; phosphatidylserine; palmitic acid; edetic acid; horseradish peroxidase; cholesterol oxidase; aspergillus oryzae; spinocerebellar degeneration; phospholipase; lipidomics; male; female; article; cholic acid; formic acid; immunofluorescence assay; cardiolipin; hek293t cell line; triton x 100; gene knockout; hexadimethrine bromide; dipotassium hydrogen phosphate plus potassium dihydrogen phosphate; monoacylglycerol; phospholipases d3 and phospholipases d4; gangliosidosis; lipid degradation; lysosomal catabolic activity |
| Journal Title: | Cell |
| Volume: | 187 |
| Issue: | 24 |
| ISSN: | 0092-8674 |
| Publisher: | Cell Press |
| Date Published: | 2024-11-27 |
| Start Page: | 6820 |
| End Page: | 6834.e24 |
| Language: | English |
| DOI: | 10.1016/j.cell.2024.09.036 |
| PUBMED: | 39423811 |
| PROVIDER: | scopus |
| PMCID: | PMC12055030 |
| DOI/URL: | |
| Notes: | The MSK Cancer Center Support Grant (P30 CA008748) is acknowledge in the PDF -- Corresponding authors are MSK authors: Robert V. Farese Jr and Tobias C. Walther -- Source: Scopus |
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