Neuroendocrine tumors: Genomics and molecular biomarkers with a focus on metastatic disease Review
| Authors: | Alexander, E. S.; Ziv, E. |
| Review Title: | Neuroendocrine tumors: Genomics and molecular biomarkers with a focus on metastatic disease |
| Abstract: | Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are considered rare tumors that originate from specialized endocrine cells. Patients often present with metastatic disease at the time of diagnosis, which negatively impacts their quality of life and overall survival. An understanding of the genetic mutations that drive these tumors and the biomarkers used to detect new NET cases is important to identify patients at an earlier disease stage. Elevations in CgA, synaptophysin, and 5-HIAA are most commonly used to identify NETs and assess prognosis; however, new advances in whole genome sequencing and multigenomic blood assays have allowed for a greater understanding of the drivers of NETs and more sensitive and specific tests to diagnose tumors and assess disease response. Treating NET liver metastases is important in managing hormonal or carcinoid symptoms and is imperative to improve patient survival. Treatment for liver-dominant disease is varied; delineating biomarkers that may predict response will allow for better patient stratification. © 2023 by the authors. |
| Keywords: | treatment response; gene mutation; overall survival; review; doxorubicin; fluorouracil; chemoembolization; capecitabine; temozolomide; molecular genetics; ki 67 antigen; biological marker; dacarbazine; metastasis; quality of life; neuroendocrine tumor; liver metastasis; ki-67; hepatectomy; salivary gland tumor; oxaliplatin; tumor classification; tumor diagnosis; ablation therapy; somatostatin derivative; neuroendocrine tumors; somatostatin receptor; streptozocin; pancreas islet cell tumor; synaptophysin; embolization; 5 hydroxyindoleacetic acid; chromogranin a; ablation; atypical carcinoid; typical carcinoid; daxx protein; gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumor; cancer prognosis; human; whole genome sequencing; multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1; netest; transcriptional regulator atrx; 5-hiaa; multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 |
| Journal Title: | Cancers |
| Volume: | 15 |
| Issue: | 8 |
| ISSN: | 2072-6694 |
| Publisher: | MDPI |
| Date Published: | 2023-04-02 |
| Start Page: | 2249 |
| Language: | English |
| DOI: | 10.3390/cancers15082249 |
| PROVIDER: | scopus |
| PMCID: | PMC10137277 |
| PUBMED: | 37190177 |
| DOI/URL: | |
| Notes: | Review -- Export Date: 1 June 2023 -- Source: Scopus |
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