Abstract: |
Diagnostic imaging of genitourinary (GU) cancers such as renal cell cancer (RCC) and bladder cancers (BCa) has evolved considerably in recent years. Whereas conventional cross-sectional imaging with computed tomography (CT) and select magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sequences provides anatomic and morphologic information about RCC and BCa, recent developments in molecular imaging provide additional valuable data regarding metabolic activity and aggressiveness of certain tumors, as well as non-invasive information on histologic subtypes. Molecular imaging involves the use of radiotracers including Fluorine-18 (18F) fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG), carbon-11 (11C)-choline, 11C-acetate, 18F-flurothymidine, Indium-111 bevacizumab, zirconium-89 (89Zr) bevacizumab and technetium 99m methoxy isobutyl isonitrile/sestamibi (99mTc-MIBI) which may be imaged with positron emission tomography (PET) or single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) for the diagnosis, staging, and follow-up of RCC and BCa. In addition, molecular imaging using simultaneous PET and multiplanar magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) combines the high spatial resolution and quantitative capabilities of MRI with the metabolic information obtained from PET imaging and is an emerging technology with an evolving use case for certain GU cancers. This review aims to provide an overview of the latest advances in the molecular imaging of both RCC and BCa. © 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. |