Tumors of the digestive system: Comprehensive review of ancillary testing and biomarkers in the era of precision medicine Review
| Authors: | Molnar, A.; Monroe, H.; Basri Aydin, H.; Arslan, M. E.; Lightle, A.; Lee, H.; El Jabbour, T. |
| Review Title: | Tumors of the digestive system: Comprehensive review of ancillary testing and biomarkers in the era of precision medicine |
| Abstract: | Immunotherapy has remained at the vanguard of promising cancer therapeutic regimens due to its exceptionally high specificity for tumor cells and potential for significantly improved treatment-associated quality of life compared to other therapeutic approaches such as surgery and chemoradiation. This is especially true in the digestive system, where high rates of mutation give rise to a host of targetable tumor-specific antigens. Many patients, however, do not exhibit measurable improvements under immunotherapy due to intrinsic or acquired resistance, making predictive biomarkers necessary to determine which patients will benefit from this line of treatment. Many of these biomarkers are assessed empirically by pathologists according to nuanced scoring criteria and algorithms. This review serves to inform clinicians and pathologists of extant and promising upcoming biomarkers predictive of immunotherapeutic efficacy among digestive system malignancies and the ancillary testing required for interpretation by pathologists according to tumor site of origin. © 2023 by the authors. |
| Keywords: | immunohistochemistry; carrier protein; unclassified drug; genetics; mutation; review; polymerase chain reaction; biomarkers; biological marker; platelet derived growth factor alpha receptor; quality of life; carcinoembryonic antigen; epidermal growth factor receptor 2; tumor marker; prediction; digestive system cancer; in situ hybridization; fluorescence in situ hybridization; seprase; immunotherapy; cancer vaccine; colorectal tumor; mismatch repair; microsatellite instability; pancreas tumor; vaccination; telomerase reverse transcriptase; therapy effect; beta 2 microglobulin; epithelial cell adhesion molecule; hepatitis c virus; stomach adenocarcinoma; cadherin; pathologist; adoptive immunotherapy; epstein barr virus; chromosome 17; esophagus tumor; esophageal squamous cell carcinoma; digestive system tumor; stomach tumor; digestive system neoplasms; somatostatin; alpha fetoprotein; personalized medicine; programmed death 1 ligand 1; lymphocyte activation gene 3 protein; indoleamine 2,3 dioxygenase inhibitor; glypican 3; clinician; medical procedures; gastric tumors; hepatobiliary system tumor; immune checkpoint inhibitor; high throughput sequencing; nivolumab; chemokine receptor ccr2 antagonist; somatostatin receptor 2; humans; human; precision medicine; multidrug resistance protein 3; pembrolizumab; pancreatic tumors; colorectal tumors; wilms tumor 1 protein; biomarkers, tumor; hepatobiliary tumors; esophageal tumors; hepatitis a virus cellular receptor 2; somatostatin receptor 5; tumor mutational burden; gastrointestinal adenocarcinoma; claudin 18; cadherin 17; monocyte chemotactic protein 1 inhibitor; natural killer group 2, member d ligand; adoptive t lymphocyte transfer; ancillary test; ancillary tests |
| Journal Title: | Current Oncology |
| Volume: | 30 |
| Issue: | 2 |
| ISSN: | 1198-0052 |
| Publisher: | Multimed Inc |
| Date Published: | 2023-02-01 |
| Start Page: | 2388 |
| End Page: | 2404 |
| Language: | English |
| DOI: | 10.3390/curroncol30020182 |
| PUBMED: | 36826143 |
| PROVIDER: | scopus |
| PMCID: | PMC9954843 |
| DOI/URL: | |
| Notes: | Review -- Source: Scopus |
