HbA1c variability and cardiovascular events in patients with prostate cancer receiving androgen deprivation therapy Journal Article


Authors: Chan, J. S. K.; Lee, Y. H. A.; Liu, K.; Hui, J. M. H.; Dee, E. C.; Ng, K.; Satti, D. I.; Liu, T.; Tse, G.; Ng, C. F.
Article Title: HbA1c variability and cardiovascular events in patients with prostate cancer receiving androgen deprivation therapy
Abstract: Background: Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) worsens glycaemic control and cardiovascular outcomes. The prognostic value of visit-to-visit HbA1c variability (VVHV) has been unexplored in prostate cancer (PCa) patients receiving ADT. Objective: To explore the effect of ADT on VVHV and the cardiovascular prognostic value of VVHV. Design, setting, and participants: PCa patients receiving ADT in Hong Kong between January 1, 1993 and March 31, 2021 were included in this retrospective cohort study. Those with fewer than three HbA1c results available within 3 yr after ADT initiation, <6 mo of ADT, missing baseline HbA1c, prior diagnosis of any component of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs), and MACEs occurring within 3 yr were excluded. Patients were followed up until September 31, 2021. Outcome measurements and statistical analysis: The outcome was MACEs (composite of heart failure, myocardial infarction, stroke, and cardiovascular mortality). VVHV was calculated from HbA1c levels within 3 yr after and, separately where available, before ADT initiation using coefficient of variation (CV; standard deviation [SD] divided by mean) and average real variability (ARV; average difference between consecutive measurements). Results and limitations: Altogether, 1065 patients were analysed (median age 74.4 yr old [interquartile range 68.3–79.5 yr]). In 709 patients with VVHV available before and after ADT initiation, VVHV increased after ADT initiation (p < 0.001), with 473 (66.2%) and 474 (66.9%) having increased CV and ARV, respectively. Over a median follow-up of 4.3 yr (2.8–6.7 yr), higher VVHV was associated with a higher risk of MACEs (adjusted hazard ratio [per SD] for CV 1.21 [95% confidence interval: 1.02, 1.43], p = 0.029; ARV 1.25 [1.06, 1.48], p = 0.008). Limitations included residual confounding and selection bias. Conclusions: In PCa patients receiving ADT, VVHV increased after ADT initiation. Higher VVHV was associated with an increased risk of MACEs. Patient summary: In prostate cancer patients receiving androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), glycaemic control is less stable after initiating ADT, which was associated with an increased cardiovascular risk. © 2022
Keywords: controlled study; aged; major clinical study; cancer patient; outcome assessment; follow up; antineoplastic agent; sensitivity analysis; cohort analysis; genetic variability; steroid; retrospective study; prostate cancer; goserelin; leuprorelin; cardiovascular disease; cardiovascular risk; heart failure; heart infarction; insulin; gonadorelin agonist; castration; orchiectomy; androgen deprivation therapy; beta adrenergic receptor blocking agent; dipeptidyl carboxypeptidase inhibitor; metformin; degarelix; triptorelin; antithrombocytic agent; cerebrovascular accident; angiotensin receptor antagonist; anticoagulant agent; cumulative incidence; dihydropyridine; glycemic control; hemoglobin a1c; sulfonylurea; hong kong; cardiovascular mortality; prognosis; human; male; article; cardio-oncology; major adverse cardiovascular events
Journal Title: European Urology Open Science
Volume: 47
ISSN: 2666-1691
Publisher: Elsevier BV  
Date Published: 2023-01-01
Start Page: 3
End Page: 11
Language: English
DOI: 10.1016/j.euros.2022.11.002
PROVIDER: scopus
PMCID: PMC9806701
PUBMED: 36601042
DOI/URL:
Notes: The MSK Cancer Center Support Grant (P30 CA008748) is acknowledged in the PDF -- Source: Scopus
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  1. Edward Christopher Dee
    261 Dee