Abstract: |
Transvaginal ultrasound is a primary modality for adnexal mass detection and characterization. The current combined technique, which includes assessment of morphologic features and Doppler characteristics, gives the most accurate prediction of malignancy. Gadolinium-enhanced MR imaging serves as a problem-solving modality in cases of indeterminate adnexal masses. A combination of T1-weighted images and T1-weighted images with fatsaturation helps to differentiate most common benign adnexal masses, such as endometrioma and teratoma, from malignant ones. Contrast-enhanced CT of the abdomen and pelvis is the primary modality for preoperative staging and treatment follow-up. In cases of pelvic recurrence, MR imaging is a preferred modality to assess tumor resectability. In equivocal cases when tumor recurrence is suggested by an increase in the tumor marker CA-125, but tumor implants are too small to be detected by conventional CT, combined PET/CT may be valuable for determining tumor activity. © 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. |
Keywords: |
cancer chemotherapy; aged; aged, 80 and over; middle aged; review; pancreas cancer; chemotherapy, adjuvant; cancer staging; nuclear magnetic resonance imaging; positron emission tomography; follow-up studies; magnetic resonance imaging; antineoplastic agent; cancer diagnosis; endometrium carcinoma; lymphatic metastasis; neoplasm staging; endometrium cancer; salpingooophorectomy; sensitivity and specificity; ovarian neoplasms; disease association; melanoma; computer assisted tomography; ovary cancer; peritoneum cancer; neoplasm recurrence, local; breast cancer; ovariectomy; differential diagnosis; risk factors; cancer screening; tomography, x-ray computed; cancer mortality; ovary; cause of death; nonhodgkin lymphoma; color ultrasound flowmetry; ultrasonography, doppler, color; colon cancer; fluorodeoxyglucose f 18; positron-emission tomography; cystectomy; granulosa cell tumor; stomach cancer; contrast media; pleura effusion; cancer epidemiology; ca 125 antigen; ca-125 antigen; germ cell tumor; abdominal hysterectomy; climacterium; ultrasonography; endometriosis; endometrium hyperplasia; doppler echocardiography; dysgerminoma; hemoperitoneum; virilization
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