Crystal structure of the GINS complex and functional insights into its role in DNA replication Journal Article
| Authors: | Chang, Y. P.; Wang, G.; Bermudez, V.; Hurwitz, J.; Chen, X. S. |
| Article Title: | Crystal structure of the GINS complex and functional insights into its role in DNA replication |
| Abstract: | The GINS complex, which contains the four subunits Sld5, Psf1, Psf2, and Psf3, is essential for both the initiation and progression of DNA replication in eukaryotes. GINS associates with the MCM2-7 complex and Cdc45 to activate the eukaryotic minichromosome maintenance helicase. It also appears to interact with and stimulate the polymerase activities of DNA polymerase ε and the DNA polymerase α-primase complex. To further understand the functional role of GINS, we determined the crystal structure of the full-length human GINS heterotetramer. Each of the four subunits has a major domain composed of an α-helical bundle-like structure. With the exception of Psf1, each of the other subunits has a small domain containing a three-stranded β-sheet core. Each full-length protein in the crystal has unstructured regions that are all located on the surface of GINS and are probably involved in its interaction with other replication factors. The four subunits contact each other mainly through α-helices to form a ring-like tetramer with a central pore. This pore is partially plugged by a 16-residue peptide from the Psf3 N terminus, which is unique to some eukaryotic Psf3 proteins and is not required for tetramer formation. Removal of these N-terminal 16 residues of Psf3 from the GINS tetramer increases the opening of the pore by 80%, suggesting a mechanism by which accessibility to the pore may be regulated. The structural data presented here indicate that the GINS tetramer is a highly stable complex with multiple flexible surface regions. © 2007 by The National Academy of Sciences of the USA. |
| Keywords: | unclassified drug; human cell; mutation; dna polymerase; dna replication; protein domain; cell cycle protein; chromosomal proteins, non-histone; protein binding; enzyme activity; hela cell; dna; amino terminal sequence; eukaryota; nucleotide sequence; temperature; crystal structure; models, molecular; crystallography, x-ray; protein structure, tertiary; protein subunits; protein folding; protein structure; structure analysis; protein structure, quaternary; dna helicase; tetramer; structural homology, protein; sulfolobus solfataricus; cdc45; dna directed dna polymerase alpha; dna directed dna polymerase epsilon; nucleic acid binding protein; minichromosome maintenance protein 2; alpha helix; dna primase; minichromosome maintenance complex; gins protein complex; protein cdc45; protein psf1; protein psf2; protein psf3; protein sld5; beta sheet |
| Journal Title: | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America |
| Volume: | 104 |
| Issue: | 31 |
| ISSN: | 0027-8424 |
| Publisher: | National Academy of Sciences |
| Date Published: | 2007-07-31 |
| Start Page: | 12685 |
| End Page: | 12690 |
| Language: | English |
| DOI: | 10.1073/pnas.0705558104 |
| PUBMED: | 17652513 |
| PROVIDER: | scopus |
| PMCID: | PMC1937527 |
| DOI/URL: | |
| Notes: | --- - "Cited By (since 1996): 23" - "Export Date: 17 November 2011" - "CODEN: PNASA" - "Molecular Sequence Numbers: GENBANK: BC005879, BC012542, BC062444, NM_032336;" - "Source: Scopus" |
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