Prostate kallikrein markers in diagnosis, risk stratification and prognosis Journal Article
| Authors: | Ulmert, D.; O'brien, M. F.; Bjartell, A. S.; Lilja, H. |
| Article Title: | Prostate kallikrein markers in diagnosis, risk stratification and prognosis |
| Abstract: | The kallikrein, prostate-specific antigen (PSA), is one of the world's most frequently used disease biomarkers. After almost two decades of research and clinical experience, the diagnostic and monitoring limitations of PSA are beginning to be understood. Most physicians are aware of PSA's low specificity for cancer among older men with benign prostatic conditions; fewer are aware of recent data, which show that a prior negative biopsy or a prior PSA value below the threshold for biopsy might compromise the predictive accuracy of PSA even further. Furthermore, a subtle increase in serum PSA level during early middle age is strongly correlated with clinically important prostate cancer. We review current and past reports on the prostate kallikreins PSA and hK2 in relation to pathology and epidemiology. © 2009 Macmillan Publishers Limited. All Rights Reserved. |
| Keywords: | protein expression; unclassified drug; clinical trial; review; diagnostic accuracy; sensitivity and specificity; prostate specific antigen; protein analysis; tumor markers, biological; risk factors; obesity; cancer screening; tumor marker; risk factor; risk assessment; prostate cancer; prostate-specific antigen; prostatic neoplasms; blood; antiinfective agent; prostatectomy; laboratory test; prostate tumor; prostate biopsy; kallikrein; aging; prostate hypertrophy; kallikrein related peptidase 2; kallikreins; blood level; antiinflammatory agent; prostate disease; prostatitis; reference value |
| Journal Title: | Nature Reviews Urology |
| Volume: | 6 |
| Issue: | 7 |
| ISSN: | 1759-4812 |
| Publisher: | Nature Publishing Group |
| Date Published: | 2009-07-01 |
| Start Page: | 384 |
| End Page: | 391 |
| Language: | English |
| DOI: | 10.1038/nrurol.2009.123 |
| PUBMED: | 19578355 |
| PROVIDER: | scopus |
| PMCID: | PMC4455535 |
| DOI/URL: | |
| Notes: | --- - "Cited By (since 1996): 4" - "Export Date: 30 November 2010" - "Source: Scopus" |
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