Abstract: |
Tumor antigens have been detected using a variety of approaches, including transplantation (in animal studies), in vitro cell-mediated cytotoxicity assays, the analysis of serum antibodies, and the derivation of human and mouse monoclonal antibodies. The antigens detected have included cell-surface glycoproteins, proteoglycans, mucins, and glycolipids. Some of these structures can be recognized by the host as foreign and result in the development of antitumor responses. Tumor-associated carbohydrate specificities are very common, but none of them are completely tumor specific. No single type of antigenic change, which would indicate a common mechanism for induction, has been associated with malignancy. On the other hand, it is interesting that some antigens, e.g., gp95-p97, and some mucins and gangliosides have been detected as tumor antigens by more than one experimental approach. |