Authors: | Lafaille, F. G.; Harschnitz, O.; Lee, Y. S.; Zhang, P.; Hasek, M. L.; Kerner, G.; Itan, Y.; Ewaleifoh, O.; Rapaport, F.; Carlile, T. M.; Carter-Timofte, M. E.; Paquet, D.; Dobbs, K.; Zimmer, B.; Gao, D.; Rojas-Duran, M. F.; Kwart, D.; Rattina, V.; Ciancanelli, M. J.; McAlpine, J. L.; Lorenzo, L.; Boucherit, S.; Rozenberg, F.; Halwani, R.; Henry, B.; Amenzoui, N.; Alsum, Z.; Marques, L.; Church, J. A.; Al-Muhsen, S.; Tardieu, M.; Bousfiha, A. A.; Paludan, S. R.; Mogensen, T. H.; Quintana-Murci, L.; Tessier-Lavigne, M.; Smith, G. A.; Notarangelo, L. D.; Studer, L.; Gilbert, W.; Abel, L.; Casanova, J. L.; Zhang, S. Y. |
Article Title: | Human SNORA31 variations impair cortical neuron-intrinsic immunity to HSV-1 and underlie herpes simplex encephalitis |
Abstract: | Herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1) encephalitis (HSE) is typically sporadic. Inborn errors of TLR3- and DBR1-mediated central nervous system cell-intrinsic immunity can account for forebrain and brainstem HSE, respectively. We report five unrelated patients with forebrain HSE, each heterozygous for one of four rare variants of SNORA31, encoding a small nucleolar RNA of the H/ACA class that are predicted to direct the isomerization of uridine residues to pseudouridine in small nuclear RNA and ribosomal RNA. We show that CRISPR/Cas9-introduced bi- and monoallelic SNORA31 deletions render human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-derived cortical neurons susceptible to HSV-1. Accordingly, SNORA31-mutated patient hPSC-derived cortical neurons are susceptible to HSV-1, like those from TLR3- or STAT1-deficient patients. Exogenous interferon (IFN)-β renders SNORA31- and TLR3- but not STAT1-mutated neurons resistant to HSV-1. Finally, transcriptome analysis of SNORA31-mutated neurons revealed normal responses to TLR3 and IFN-α/β stimulation but abnormal responses to HSV-1. Human SNORA31 thus controls central nervous system neuron-intrinsic immunity to HSV-1 by a distinctive mechanism. © 2019, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature America, Inc. |
Keywords: | controlled study; human tissue; human cell; nonhuman; alpha interferon; gene; stat1 protein; genetic variation; heterozygote; cellular immunity; pluripotent stem cell; ribosome rna; forebrain; transcriptome; beta interferon; uridine; virus immunity; isomerization; brain nerve cell; small nuclear rna; pseudouridine; herpes simplex encephalitis; toll like receptor 3; human; priority journal; article; crispr-cas9 system; human alphaherpesvirus 1; snora31 gene |
Journal Title: | Nature Medicine |
Volume: | 25 |
Issue: | 12 |
ISSN: | 1078-8956 |
Publisher: | Nature Publishing Group |
Date Published: | 2019-12-01 |
Start Page: | 1873 |
End Page: | 1884 |
Language: | English |
DOI: | 10.1038/s41591-019-0672-3 |
PUBMED: | 31806906 |
PROVIDER: | scopus |
PMCID: | PMC7376819 |
DOI/URL: | |
Notes: | Article -- Source: Scopus |