Oltipraz, an inhibitor of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 replication Journal Article
| Authors: | Prochaska, H. J.; Yeh, Y.; Baron, P.; Polsky, B. |
| Article Title: | Oltipraz, an inhibitor of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 replication |
| Abstract: | Glutathione depletion may play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) infection. Since certain compounds prevent experimental carcinogenesis by elevating the levels of glutathione and phase II detoxication enzymes, we compared the potencies of several inducers with their ability to inhibit basal levels of HIV-1 replication in H9 cutaneous T-cell lymphoma cells. All monofunctional inducers tested elevated the levels of glutathione and quinone reductase, a marker for phase II enzyme induction. However, only oltipraz [4-methyl-5-(2-pyrazinyl)-1,2- dithiole-3-thione] was effective at inhibiting HIV-1 replication (IC50 = 14.8 ± 3.1 μM). The antiviral effect of oltipraz was potentiated by 3'- azido-3'-deoxythymidine. Thus, 1,2-dithiole-3-thiones represent a hitherto unrecognized class of anti-HIV-1 agents. Oltipraz behaves kinetically as an irreversible inhibitor of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase in the template-primer binding domain. Oltipraz has been used to treat schistosomiasis in humans and is undergoing clinical evaluation as an anticarcinogen. Thus, oltipraz (and other 1,2-dithiole-3-thiones) may have therapeutic utility in HIV-1-infected individuals, not only because of their antiretroviral activity, but also by preventing the development of HIV-1-associated neoplasms. |
| Keywords: | human cell; human immunodeficiency virus infection; antineoplastic agent; t cell lymphoma; antivirus agent; human immunodeficiency virus; glutathione; antiviral activity; human immunodeficiency virus 1; zidovudine; virus inhibition; aids; rna directed dna polymerase inhibitor; reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (phosphate) dehydrogenase (quinone); schistosomiasis; fumaric acid dimethyl ester; human; priority journal; article; reverse transcriptase; oltipraz; 1,2 dithiole 3 thione derivative; 1,2-dithiole-3-thiones; chemoprotection; hydroquinone derivative |
| Journal Title: | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America |
| Volume: | 90 |
| Issue: | 9 |
| ISSN: | 0027-8424 |
| Publisher: | National Academy of Sciences |
| Date Published: | 1993-05-01 |
| Start Page: | 3953 |
| End Page: | 3957 |
| Language: | English |
| DOI: | 10.1073/pnas.90.9.3953 |
| PUBMED: | 7683414 |
| PROVIDER: | scopus |
| PMCID: | PMC46424 |
| DOI/URL: | |
| Notes: | Article -- Export Date: 1 March 2019 -- Source: Scopus |
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