Beyond cancer vaccines: A reason for future optimism with immunomodulatory therapy Journal Article

   


Authors: Postow, M.; Callahan, M. K.; Wolchok, J. D.
Article Title: Beyond cancer vaccines: A reason for future optimism with immunomodulatory therapy
Abstract: Despite significant scientific knowledge in the field of cancer immunology, therapeutic strategies using cancer vaccines to generate anti-tumor immunity have historically resulted in only modest clinical benefit. Disappointing results from prior cancer vaccine trials are likely due to multifactorial causes. Perhaps the most important is the role of inherent tumor-induced immune suppression and enhanced immunologic tolerance. Current research directed toward understanding the mechanisms of immunologic tolerance has led to the development of promising therapeutic immune regulatory antibodies that inhibit immunologic checkpoints and subsequently enhance immunologic anti-tumor activity. This review discusses the prior challenges associated with cancer vaccines and describes how, by breaking immune inhibition and facilitating immune stimulation, immune regulatory antibodies show great promise in the treatment of a variety of tumors.
Keywords: treatment response; unclassified drug; overall survival; fatigue; review; placebo; advanced cancer; cancer combination chemotherapy; diarrhea; drug efficacy; drug potentiation; monotherapy; nonhuman; side effect; solid tumor; clinical trials as topic; cancer radiotherapy; disease free survival; prostate specific antigen; canvaxin; cytotoxic t lymphocyte antigen 4 antibody; dacarbazine; dendritic cell vaccine; glycoprotein gp 100; interleukin 2; ipilimumab; ticilimumab; unindexed drug; cancer immunotherapy; melanoma; metastasis; progression free survival; drug eruption; nausea; vomiting; granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor; protein; renal cell carcinoma; kidney carcinoma; pneumonia; prostate cancer; immunological tolerance; immune tolerance; antibodies, monoclonal; immunotherapy; cancer vaccine; cancer vaccines; colon cancer; arthritis; cancer testis antigen; melanoma antigen 1; melanoma antigen 3; immunogenicity; cancer immunization; vaccination; tumor immunity; colitis; visceral metastasis; dna vaccine; immunological adjuvant; immunomodulation; dermatitis; immunomodulating agent; peptide vaccine; tumor cell vaccine; vitespen; cytotoxic t lymphocyte antigen 4; autoimmune disease; esophagus cancer; antibody; recombinant vaccine; ct 011; protein antibody; enterocolitis; randomized controlled trial (topic); phase 2 clinical trial (topic); phase 3 clinical trial (topic); cytotoxic t-lymphocyte antigen 4; hypophysitis; tremelimumab; mdx 1106; multicenter study (topic); 4-1bb; cd40; glucocorticoid-induced tumor necrosis factor receptor; ox-40; programmed death receptor 1; virus vaccine; autoimmune hypophysitis; poxvirus vaccine; bms 936558; oncept; programmed death 1 antibody; tyrosine related protein 2
Journal Title: The Cancer Journal
Volume: 17
Issue: 5
ISSN: 1528-9117
Publisher: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins  
Date Published: 2011-09-01
Start Page: 372
End Page: 378
Language: English
DOI: 10.1097/PPO.0b013e31823261db
PROVIDER: scopus
PMCID: PMC3189545
PUBMED: 21952288
DOI/URL:

http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-80053368658&partnerID=40&md5=610d833bd8423283e6e8e305c3cba8c6
Notes: --- - "Export Date: 2 November 2011" - "CODEN: CAJOC" - "Source: Scopus"
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MSK Authors
  1. Jedd D Wolchok
    905 Wolchok
  2. Michael Andrew Postow
    361 Postow
  3. Margaret Kathleen Callahan
    197 Callahan
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