Urine markers for detection and surveillance of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer Journal Article
| Authors: | Tilki, D.; Burger, M.; Dalbagni, G.; Grossman, H. B.; Hakenberg, O. W.; Palou, J.; Reich, O.; Roupret, M.; Shariat, S. F.; Zlotta, A. R. |
| Article Title: | Urine markers for detection and surveillance of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer |
| Abstract: | Context: Bladder cancer diagnosis and surveillance includes cystoscopy and cytology. The limitation of urinary cytology is its low sensitivity for low-grade recurrences. As of now, six urine markers are commercially available to complement cystoscopy in the detection of bladder cancer. Several promising tests are under investigation. Objective: In this nonsystematic review, we summarize the existing data on commercially available and promising investigational urine markers for the detection of bladder cancer. Evidence acquisition: A PubMed search was carried out. We reviewed the recent literature on urine-based markers for bladder cancer. Articles were considered between 1997 and 2011. Older studies were included selectively if historically relevant. Evidence synthesis: Although different studies have shown the superiority of urine markers regarding sensitivity for bladder cancer detection as compared with cytology, none of these tests is ideal and can be recommended unrestrictedly. Conclusions: Urine markers have been studied extensively to help diagnose bladder cancer and thereby decrease the need for cystoscopy. However, no marker is available at present that can sufficiently warrant this. Several urinary markers have higher but still insufficient sensitivity compared with cytology. Urinary cytology or markers cannot safely replace cystoscopy in this setting. To identify an optimal marker that can delay cystoscopy in the diagnosis of bladder cancer, large prospective and standardized studies are needed. © 2011 European Association of Urology. |
| Keywords: | protein expression; unclassified drug; gene mutation; review; cancer recurrence; cancer staging; cancer diagnosis; diagnostic accuracy; sensitivity and specificity; biomarkers; biological marker; carcinoembryonic antigen related cell adhesion molecule 1; microrna; tumor markers, biological; transcription factor; information retrieval; bladder cancer; fibroblast growth factor receptor 3; microsatellite dna; nuclear matrix protein 22; survivin; telomerase; tumor antigen; dna methylation; enzyme linked immunosorbent assay; prediction; urinary bladder neoplasms; hematuria; time factors; enzyme immunoassay; tumor suppressor gene; fluorescence in situ hybridization; epigenetics; diagnosis; urothelial carcinoma; predictive value of tests; chromosomal instability; immunoassay; neoplasm invasiveness; bladder neoplasms; cystoscopy; detection; hyaluronic acid; hyaluronidase; cancer epidemiology; heterozygosity loss; immunofluorescence test; single stranded dna; urinalysis; false positive result; aneuploidy; chromosome 17; predictive value; aurora a kinase; chromosome 3; chromosome 7; dna fragment; chromosome 9; urine cytology; bladder tumor antigen; transciption factor blca 1; transcription factor blca 4; urine marker; bladder tumor antigen test; endocytoscopy; nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer; nuclear matrix protein 22 test; point of care testing; reagent kits, diagnostic |
| Journal Title: | European Urology |
| Volume: | 60 |
| Issue: | 3 |
| ISSN: | 0302-2838 |
| Publisher: | Elsevier Science, Inc. |
| Date Published: | 2011-09-01 |
| Start Page: | 484 |
| End Page: | 492 |
| Language: | English |
| DOI: | 10.1016/j.eururo.2011.05.053 |
| PROVIDER: | scopus |
| PUBMED: | 21684071 |
| DOI/URL: | |
| Notes: | --- - "Export Date: 3 October 2011" - "CODEN: EUURA" - "Source: Scopus" |
