Epidemiology and pathophysiology of multiple myeloma Journal Article


Authors: Hultcrantz, M.; Morgan, G. J.; Landgren, O.
Article Title: Epidemiology and pathophysiology of multiple myeloma
Abstract: Multiple myeloma is a hematological malignancy characterized by the accumulation of malignant plasma cells in the bone marrow and in the majority of cases, findings of monoclonal immunoglobulins in the blood. Myeloma is the second most common hematological malignancy in adults in Western countries, and the malignancy is consistently preceded by a precursor state called monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS). Myeloma is a genetically complex malignancy with a number of competing subclones and genetic heterogeneity. Primary events are translocations involving the immunoglobulin heavy chain on chromosome 14 or hyperdiploidy with trisomies of odd-numbered chromosomes. Secondary genetic events include additional chromosomal gains and losses as well as somatic mutations. Advances in DNA sequencing technologies have facilitated rapid sequencing of large quantities of DNA to a reasonable cost. Recently, several groups have reported on sequencing studies in myeloma giving important insights to disease pathology. In addition to genetic alterations, myeloma disease pathology includes altered patterns of gene expression resulting in overexpression of genes promoting cell proliferation. Furthermore, the bone marrow microenvironment and the immune system play important roles in the proliferation and survival of malignant plasma cells. In this chapter we present the current knowledge on myeloma pathology including the genetic landscape and bone marrow microenvironment. © 2018, Springer International Publishing Switzerland.
Keywords: somatic mutation; genetics; cancer recurrence; nonhuman; pathophysiology; multiple myeloma; gene expression; biology; bone marrow; incidence; prevalence; chromosome aberration; fluorescence in situ hybridization; immunoglobulin heavy chain; genomic instability; chromosome translocation; epidemiology; diploidy; tumor microenvironment; copy number variation; clonal evolution; cancer prognosis; hyperdiploidy; human; priority journal; epidemiological monitoring
Journal Title: Hematologic Malignancies
ISSN: 2197-9766
Publisher: Springer  
Date Published: 2018-01-01
Start Page: 1
End Page: 15
Language: English
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-25586-6_1
PROVIDER: scopus
DOI/URL:
Notes: Chapter 1 in "Multiple Myeloma and Other Plasma Cell Neoplasms" (ISBN: 978-3-319-25584-2) -- Export Date: 2 April 2018 -- Source: Scopus
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  1. Carl Ola Landgren
    334 Landgren