Drug combinations and effect parameters of zidovudine, stavudine, and nevirapine in standardized drug-sensitive and resistant HIV type 1 strains Journal Article
| Authors: | Zhu, Q. Y.; Scarborough, A.; Polsky, B.; Chou, T. C. |
| Article Title: | Drug combinations and effect parameters of zidovudine, stavudine, and nevirapine in standardized drug-sensitive and resistant HIV type 1 strains |
| Abstract: | Reference strains of HIV-1 from the NIH AIDS Research and Reference Reagent Program, including wild-type IIIB, G762-3, and AZT resistant with RT 215T → Y (G910-11/AZT); 67D → N, 70K → R, 215T → F, 219K → Q (G691- 2/AZT); as well as nevirapine (NEV) resistant with 181Y → C (N119/NEV); and 103K → N, 181Y → C (A17/NEV), were subjected to quantitative parametric efficacy analysis using AZT, stavudine (D4T), and nevirapine (NEV) singly or in combinations in MT4 or MT2 cells. The median-effect principle and combination index (CI) method of Chou-Talalay (see Ref. 26) have been used, which take into account both the potency (D(m) value or EC50) and the shape of the dose-effect curve (m value). Under standardized assay conditions, G910-11 and G691-2 strains showed 600- and 7800-fold resistance to AZT, and N119 and A17 strains showed 3600- and 1000-fold resistance to NEV at the EC50 level, respectively. AZT-resistant strains exhibited slight cross- resistance to D4T. Computerized analysis indicates that IIIB gave sigmoidal dose-effect curves (m = 2.8, 3.4, and 3.1 for AZT, D4T, and NEV, respectively) whereas drug-resistant strains showed negative sigmoidicity toward the corresponding AZT or NEV, with m = 0.27-0.73. Therefore, the degrees of drug resistance are drastically different at classic EC50 and at therapeutically more relevant EC95 levels (ranging from severalfold to several log orders). Combinations of AZT + NEV and AZT + NEV + D4T showed synergism against IIIB, G762-3 (wild type) and A17/NEV, G910-11/AZT strains. D4T + NEV and AZT + D4T showed nearly additive or moderate antagonism. Synergism or additive effect leads to a favorable dose-reduction index (DRI). The present study on RT inhibitors provides quantitative assessment of the combinations of AZT, NEV, and D4T against HIV infections involving drug- sensitive and drug-resistant HIVs. |
| Keywords: | human cell; dose response; pyridines; human immunodeficiency virus infection; t-lymphocytes; enzyme inhibition; drug effect; risk assessment; drug therapy, combination; cell line, transformed; cytotoxicity, immunologic; virus replication; virus strain; hiv infections; human immunodeficiency virus 1; cross resistance; hiv-1; zidovudine; antiviral agents; stavudine; drug resistance, microbial; microbial sensitivity tests; virus transcription; nevirapine; human; priority journal; article |
| Journal Title: | AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses |
| Volume: | 12 |
| Issue: | 6 |
| ISSN: | 0889-2229 |
| Publisher: | Mary Ann Liebert, Inc |
| Date Published: | 1996-04-10 |
| Start Page: | 507 |
| End Page: | 517 |
| Language: | English |
| PUBMED: | 8679306 |
| PROVIDER: | scopus |
| DOI: | 10.1089/aid.1996.12.507 |
| DOI/URL: | |
| Notes: | Article -- Export Date: 22 November 2017 -- Source: Scopus |
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