Lipopolysaccharide induces disseminated endothelial apoptosis requiring ceramide generation Journal Article
| Authors: | Haimovitz-Friedman, A.; Cordon-Cardo, C.; Bayoumy, S.; Garzotto, M.; McLoughlin, M.; Gallily, R.; Edwards, C. K. 3rd; Schuchman, E. H.; Fuks, Z.; Kolesnick, R. |
| Article Title: | Lipopolysaccharide induces disseminated endothelial apoptosis requiring ceramide generation |
| Abstract: | The endotoxic shock syndrome is characterized by systemic inflammation, multiple organ damage, circulatory collapse and death. Systemic release of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and other cytokines purportedly mediates this process. However, the primary tissue target remains unidentified. The present studies provide evidence that endotoxic shock results from disseminated endothelial apoptosis. Injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and its putative effector TNF-α, into C57BL/6 mice induced apoptosis in endothelium of intestine, lung, fat and thymus after 6 h, preceding nonendothelial tissue damage. LPS or TNF-α injection was followed within 1 h by tissue generation of the pro-apoptotic lipid ceramide. TNF-binding protein, which protects against LPS-induced death, blocked LPS-induced ceramide generation and endothelial apoptosis, suggesting systemic TNF is required for both responses. Acid sphingomyelinase knockout mice displayed a normal increase in serum TNF-α in response to LPS, yet were protected against endothelial apoptosis and animal death, defining a role for ceramide in mediating the endotoxic response. Furthermore, intravenous injection of basic fibroblast growth factor, which acts as an intravascular survival factor for endothelial cells, blocked LPS-induced ceramide elevation, endothelial apoptosis and animal death, but did not affect LPS-induced elevation of serum TNF-α. These investigations demonstrate that LPS induces a disseminated form of endothelial apoptosis, mediated sequentially by TNF and ceramide generation, and suggest that this cascade is mandatory for evolution of the endotoxic syndrome. |
| Keywords: | signal transduction; controlled study; pathogenesis; nonhuman; animal cell; mouse; animals; mice; animal tissue; cell survival; apoptosis; mice, inbred c57bl; endothelium cell; fibroblast growth factor 2; tumor necrosis factor-alpha; endothelium, vascular; thymus gland; carrier proteins; lung; lipopolysaccharide; immunopathology; carbohydrate analysis; intravenous drug administration; adipose tissue; multiple organ failure; ceramide; ceramides; sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase; receptors, tumor necrosis factor; intestinal mucosa; septic shock; basic fibroblast growth factor; lipopolysaccharides; capillaries; receptors, tumor necrosis factor, type i; shock, septic; specific pathogen-free organisms; sphingomyelins; priority journal; article; recombinant tumor necrosis factor alpha; tumor necrosis factor binding protein; tumor necrosis factor decoy receptors |
| Journal Title: | Journal of Experimental Medicine |
| Volume: | 186 |
| Issue: | 11 |
| ISSN: | 0022-1007 |
| Publisher: | Rockefeller University Press |
| Date Published: | 1997-12-01 |
| Start Page: | 1831 |
| End Page: | 1841 |
| Language: | English |
| DOI: | 10.1084/jem.186.11.1831 |
| PUBMED: | 9382882 |
| PROVIDER: | scopus |
| PMCID: | PMC2199151 |
| DOI/URL: | |
| Notes: | Article -- Export Date: 17 March 2017 -- Source: Scopus |
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427Fuks -
612Cordon-Cardo -
299Kolesnick -
13
Garzotto -
17
McLoughlin -
7
Bayoumy
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