Association of AR-V7 on circulating tumor cells as a treatment-specific biomarker with outcomes and survival in castration-resistant prostate cancer Journal Article

   

Authors:	Scher, H. I.; Lu, D.; Schreiber, N. A.; Louw, J.; Graf, R. P.; Vargas, H. A.; Johnson, A.; Jendrisak, A.; Bambury, R.; Danila, D.; McLaughlin, B.; Wahl, J.; Greene, S. B.; Heller, G.; Marrinucci, D.; Fleisher, M.; Dittamore, R.
Article Title:	Association of AR-V7 on circulating tumor cells as a treatment-specific biomarker with outcomes and survival in castration-resistant prostate cancer
Abstract:	Importance: A critical decision in the management of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) is when to administer an androgen receptor signaling (ARS) inhibitor or a taxane. Objective: To determine if pretherapy nuclear androgen-receptor splice variant 7 (AR-V7) protein expression and localization on circulating tumor cells (CTCs) is a treatment-specific marker for response and outcomes between ARS inhibitors and taxanes. Design, Setting, and Participants: For this cross-sectional cohort study at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 265 men with progressive mCRPC undergoing a change in treatment were considered; 86 were excluded because they were not initiating ARS or taxane therapy; and 18 were excluded for processing time constraints, leaving 161 patients for analysis. Between December 2012 and March 2015, blood was collected and processed from patients with progressive mCRPC immediately prior to new line of systemic therapy. Patients were followed up to 3 years. Main Outcomes and Measures: Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) response, time receiving therapy, radiographic progression-free survival (rPFS), and overall survival (OS). Results: Overall, of 193 prospectively collected blood samples from 161 men with mCRPC, 191 were evaluable (128 pre-ARS inhibitor and 63 pretaxane). AR-V7-positive CTCs were found in 34 samples (18%), including 3% of first-line, 18% of second-line, and 31% of third- or greater line samples. Patients whose samples had AR-V7-positive CTCs before ARS inhibition had resistant posttherapy PSA changes (PTPC), shorter rPFS, shorter time on therapy, and shorter OS than those without AR-V7-positive CTCs. Overall, resistant PTPC were seen in 65 of 112 samples (58%) without detectable AR-V7-positive CTCs prior to ARS inhibition. There were statistically significant differences in OS but not in PTPC, time on therapy, or rPFS for patients with or without pretherapy AR-V7-positive CTCs treated with a taxane. A multivariable model adjusting for baseline factors associated with survival showed superior OS with taxanes relative to ARS inhibitors when AR-V7-positive CTCs were detected pretherapy (hazard ratio, 0.24; 95% CI, 0.10-0.57; P = .035). Conclusions and Relevance: The results validate CTC nuclear expression of AR-V7 protein in men with mCRPC as a treatment-specific biomarker that is associated with superior survival on taxane therapy over ARS-directed therapy in a clinical practice setting. Continued examination of this biomarker in prospective studies will further aid clinical utility.
Keywords:	treatment outcome; aged; aged, 80 and over; middle aged; genetics; disease course; mortality; antineoplastic agents; antineoplastic agent; sensitivity and specificity; prostate specific antigen; metabolism; proportional hazards models; drug resistance; drug resistance, neoplasm; tumor marker; prostate-specific antigen; blood; proportional hazards model; neoplastic cells, circulating; disease progression; kallikrein; androgen receptor; cross-sectional study; cross-sectional studies; taxoids; receptors, androgen; kaplan meier method; isoprotein; protein isoforms; tumor embolism; kallikreins; taxoid; kaplan-meier estimate; androgen receptor antagonist; androgen receptor antagonists; very elderly; humans; human; male; prostatic neoplasms, castration-resistant; biomarkers, tumor; kallikrein-related peptidase 3, human
Journal Title:	JAMA Oncology
Volume:	2
Issue:	11
ISSN:	2374-2437
Publisher:	American Medical Association
Date Published:	2016-11-01
Start Page:	1441
End Page:	1449
Language:	English
DOI:	10.1001/jamaoncol.2016.1828
PUBMED:	27262168
PROVIDER:	scopus
PMCID:	PMC5206761
DOI/URL:	https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85013127577&doi=10.1001%2fjamaoncol.2016.1828&partnerID=40&md5=b1bbf940d3d3ebbad7a56844eba9012a
Notes:	Article -- Export Date: 2 March 2017 -- Source: Scopus